Magnesium
Reads: Magnesium status
ATP does not work as ATP — it works as Mg-ATP. That single fact puts magnesium behind every kinase, every synthetase and the whole of energy metabolism. Serum magnesium is a poor status marker because the great majority is intracellular and in bone, which is why deficiency is both common and easily missed.
What this marker reads
A cofactor for over three hundred enzymes, including every reaction that handles ATP. Serum levels are a poor guide — less than 1% of body magnesium is in blood, so a normal result does not exclude depletion.
What a named body publishes
Each line below is the sentence the issuing body wrote, carried with its own identifier. Nothing here interprets your result — it states what was published, for whom, and by whom.
Serum magnesium
“The fact sheet states: "Normal serum magnesium concentrations range between 0.75 and 0.95 millimoles/liter (mmol/L)."”
Magnesium — Health Professional Fact Sheet · NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — updated 6 January 2026 The document
“The fact sheet states: "Hypomagnesemia is defined as a serum magnesium level less than 0.75 mmol/L."”
Magnesium — Health Professional Fact Sheet · NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — updated 6 January 2026 The document
Your laboratory reads your result against its own assay, and this page does not do that for it. What is above is what a named body published and for whom; what is below is the machinery the marker reads and the formulas witnessed on it.
What moves it
Micronutrient status raises it.
10.61770/NBEJMS.2026.v04.i02.004 — Dietary magnesium. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.61770/NBEJMS.2026.v04.i02.004 · PMC9967593
What it moves
It raises Mitochondrial energy.
ATP does not work as ATP - it works as Mg-ATP. That puts magnesium behind every kinase and the whole of energy metabolism. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews (PMC9967593; doi 10.3390/nu18132141; PMC12673670; doi 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755). Verbatim: “At the cellular level, Mg improved mitochondrial function with increased ATP, decreased mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ overload, and repolarized mitochondrial membrane potential”. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMID 30626750 · PMC9967593
It lowers Blood pressure.
Vascular smooth-muscle relaxation and calcium antagonism. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It raises Sleep.
10.3389/fendo.2024.1370733 — Weaker evidence. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3389/fendo.2024.1370733 · PMC9967593
It raises Muscle.
Excitation-contraction coupling and cramp. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It raises Insulin sensitivity.
Magnesium status correlates with insulin sensitivity. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It raises Bone health.
A structural constituent of bone mineral. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It lowers Neurovascular calm.
Decreased levels of the micronutrients riboflavin, magnesium and coenzyme Q10 are found in plasma and brain of migraine patients; a fixed combination of magnesium, riboflavin and Q10 reduced days with migraine and migraine pain versus placebo in a randomized double-blind multicenter trial. doi 10.1186/s10194-015-0516-6 · PMID 15728298 · PMC7786797
It lowers Cortical spreading wave.
Magnesium is the physiological antagonist at the NMDA channel, which regulates neuronal excitability and CSD susceptibility. doi 10.1152/physrev.00027.2020 · PMC7786797
It lowers Neuronal overexcitation.
Magnesium sits in the NMDA channel as its physiological voltage-dependent block; the depolarization that relieves it is what opens the route for calcium. doi 10.1186/s40035-021-00278-7 · PMC8788129
It lowers Vascular resistance.
Magnesium is a physiological calcium antagonist at vascular smooth-muscle L-type channels, lowering calcium-dependent tone. doi 10.1161/JAHA.118.009896
Formulas that modulate it
Each formula page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
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