Liver clearance
Phase I/II xenobiotic metabolism
Also searched as Phase I/II xenobiotic metabolism.
The word Detox is Abused in this Industry, Which is Precisely why it Needs an Evidence Spine - the CYP, GSH and NRF2 nodes already existed with nothing to point them at.
In depth
Xenobiotic clearance — the phase I and phase II enzyme systems that make compounds excretable. 'Detox' is a marketing word with no agreed physiological definition; the defensible language names the enzymes.
What drives it
Antioxidant defense increases it.
10.3390/ijms21134777 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/ijms21134777
Master antioxidant increases it.
10.3389/fnint.2015.00061 — https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/poisoning/acetaminophen-poisoning — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3389/fnint.2015.00061
Liver increases it.
10.2147/dddt.s125459 — https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/pharmacokinetics/drug-metabolism — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.2147/dddt.s125459
Digestion increases it.
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/pharmacokinetics/drug-bioavailability — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). Sources: PMC10132248; doi 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017; PMC12673670. doi 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017 · PMC10132248
Gut barrier increases it.
10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3
Kidney increases it.
10.1016/j.csbj.2025.11.039 — https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/pharmacokinetics/drug-excretion — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.11.039
Oxidative stress reduces it.
10.3389/fphar.2016.00237 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3389/fphar.2016.00237
Mitochondrial energy increases it.
10.1038/s41467-023-42564-0 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1038/s41467-023-42564-0
Alcohol metabolism reduces it.
The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). Sources: PMC10132248; doi 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017; PMC12673670. doi 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017 · PMC10132248
Micronutrient status increases it.
10.1038/s41467-026-69132-6 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1038/s41467-026-69132-6
Absorption increases it.
The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). Sources: PMC10132248; doi 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017; PMC12673670. doi 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017 · PMC10132248
Calms body-wide inflammation reduces it.
10.3390/genes11121509 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/genes11121509
Cellular aging reduces it.
10.1038/s42255-025-01412-9 — https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/geriatrics/drug-therapy-in-older-adults/pharmacokinetics-in-older-adults — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1038/s42255-025-01412-9
Gut-liver bile signaling increases it.
Biliary export is phase III of clearance - the step that carries conjugated compounds out of the body after phases I and II have prepared them. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
What it drives
It increases Liver.
This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). Sources: PMID 16472997; NBK442023; PMC8793843. doi 10.1039/D4RA00127C. · PMID 16472997 · PMC8793843
It increases Kidney.
10.3390/toxins13040246 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/toxins13040246
It reduces Calms body-wide inflammation.
10.3390/toxins18020072 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/toxins18020072
It increases Skin.
10.3390/ijms27020851 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/ijms27020851
It increases Memory & focus.
10.1038/s41581-025-00963-0 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1038/s41581-025-00963-0
It reduces Daily energy.
This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome).
It increases Women's hormone balance.
This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome).
It increases Men's hormone balance.
10.3389/fpubh.2022.1092353 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1092353
It increases Micronutrient status.
10.1371/journal.pone.0133050 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0133050
It reduces Cellular aging.
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002792 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002792
It increases Digestion.
10.1186/s12882-022-02893-6 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.1186/s12882-022-02893-6
It increases Immune balance.
10.3390/toxins12070439 — This link rests on the reviews of this outcome as a whole. No effect size specific to this arm has been reported, so it is shown at reduced weight. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/toxins12070439
It increases Thyroid.
The finding that reframes the whole node: the thyroid makes a pro-hormone, not the active hormone. T4 is activated to T3 by DIO1 and DIO2, and inactivated to rT3 by DIO3 - and the three types of deiodinases have variable tissue distribution, so active hormone level is set locally in each tissue, not centrally by the gland. A serum TSH does not tell you what a given tissue is seeing. Three trace elements, three different jobs: thyroid and deiodinase function depends on supply of the trace elements iodine, selenium and iron. Iodine is the substrate; selenium because the deiodinases ARE selenoproteins; iron because thyroperoxidase is a hemoprotein. A thyroid formula missing any one of the three has a hole in a different place. And selenium carries a documented harm: in a small fibrous gland with low iodine intake, SE supplementation for six months resulted in severe hypothyroidism with very low total T4 and highly elevated TSH - because activating previously-selenium-starved extrathyroidal deiodinases accelerated the loss of limited iodine stores. Selenium without sufficient iodine can make thyroid function worse. Genetic variation is named: the DIO2 Thr92Ala polymorphism may impair T4-to-T3 conversion in certain individuals. doi 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.024 · PMC9967593
Blends that modulate it
Each blend page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.