Vitamin D status

A hormone misfiled as a vitamin. And the finding that governs every claim on it here: the updated meta-analysis of vitamin D for acute respiratory infection — adding 20 further RCTs and 62,063 participants to the earlier individual-participant analysis — returned a 95% confidence interval that now includes 1.00, meaning no statistically significant protection overall. What survives is the stratification: the effect was stronger in those starting with lower vitamin D, and with daily or weekly dosing rather than widely spaced bolus doses. Correcting a shortfall and topping up someone already replete are different acts.

Micronutrient status increases it.

https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.037/html — Drawn from the reviews of this outcome. doi 10.7556/jaoa.2018.037/html

Kidney increases it.

10.1038/s41598-022-15033-9 — Drawn from the reviews of this outcome. doi 10.1038/s41598-022-15033-9

Digestion increases it.

NBK532266 — Drawn from the reviews of this outcome.

Liver increases it.

Verbatim: “Vitamin D is then converted by the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, its major circulating form”. PMID 21034990

UV radiation increases it.

UVB photolyses 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin to previtamin D3, the first step of vitamin D synthesis. doi 10.2340/00015555-3050

It increases Muscle.

10.3390/nu11081800 — Drawn from the reviews of this outcome. doi 10.3390/nu11081800

It increases Bone health.

PMC3257679 — Drawn from the reviews of this outcome. PMC3257679

It reduces Joint wear.

All nine included studies reported a negative correlation between vitamin D level and chronic rhinosinusitis; vitamin D deficiency also causes airway hyperresponsiveness (doi 10.7759/cureus.55955; PMC4002254; PMC5646812). REFUTED ON A SECOND READING. This link was shown by linked steps until a source was opened that does not support it: “All of the included studies reported a negative correlation between levels of vitamin D and CRS.” — The Correlation Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 2024, 16(3), e55955. doi 10.7759/cureus.55955 · PMC4002254

It reduces Clears blocked nose & sinuses.

All nine included studies reported a negative correlation between vitamin D level and chronic rhinosinusitis; vitamin D deficiency also causes airway hyperresponsiveness. doi 10.7759/cureus.55955 · PMC4002254

It reduces Eases allergy load.

All nine included studies reported a negative correlation between vitamin D level and chronic rhinosinusitis; vitamin D deficiency also causes airway hyperresponsiveness. doi 10.7759/cureus.55955 · PMC4002254

It increases Micronutrient status.

10.3390/nu11081800 — Drawn from the reviews of this outcome. doi 10.3390/nu11081800

It increases Resists infection.

The headline on this pathway is a disappointment and it must stay there: the lack of effect of prophylactic vitamin C supplementation on the incidence of common cold in normal populations throws doubt on the utility of this wide practice. Regular supplementation decreases cold duration by 8 percent (3-12) and severity by 15 percent (CI 9-21) - but does not reduce how often you get one. With one striking exception that defines WHO it works for: a subgroup of six studies of marathon runners, skiers, and soldiers exposed to significant cold AND/OR physical stress experienced, on average, 50 percent reduction in common cold incidence. Extreme physical stress is the condition under which it prevents. PMC10712193

It increases Skin.

10.3390/ijms22169097 — The aging outcome lists the thirteen hallmarks themselves, each mapped to its pathway and labeled with its hallmark number. (from the reviews of this outcome). doi 10.3390/ijms22169097

It increases Vision.

Why the retina is the most oxidatively stressed tissue in the body, stated directly: the retina is highly susceptible to oxidative damage due to its elevated oxygen consumption, abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids, and continuous exposure to light. Three risk factors that cannot be separated from its function. And the aging failure is specific and double: in the elderly both the mitophagic process and Nrf2 activation ARE impaired, thus causing retinal cell death. The carotenoid case is unusually mechanical: lutein and zeaxanthin ARE selectively taken up by the RPE, preferentially accumulated in the human macula, and transferred to photoreceptors - a targeted delivery route, not a general antioxidant claim. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study found high plasma levels of lutein and zeaxanthin associated with reduced risk of neovascular AMD. By contrast the reviewers say the relationships between dietary and serum levels of the antioxidant vitamins and age-related macular disease ARE less clear - with alpha-tocopherol the exception, convincingly demonstrated. Lipofuscin is itself a photoreactive substance - the waste product becomes a new damage source (PMC12026614; PMC11274723; PMC6230566; doi 10.3390/antiox14101251; PMID 11033038). REFUTED ON A SECOND READING. This link was shown by linked steps until a source was opened that does not support it: “No significant differences were found, but there appears to exist a trend for late AMD among subjects with a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/L (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-3.24, P = 0.05). There is no clear evidence of a definitive association between serum 25(OH)D and AMD risk, mainly due to heterogeneity in study procedures and lack of longitudinal designs.” — Serum vitamin D and age-related macular degeneration: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Survey of Ophthalmology, 2020, 66(2), 183-197. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.07.003. doi 10.3390/antiox14101251 · PMID 11033038 · PMC12026614

It increases Gum health.

The one measured finding among them is the periodontal-anemia link: a meta-analysis of sixteen studies on hemoglobin and iron metabolism in periodontitis, whose authors call the association still controversial and ask for larger cohorts. doi 10.1152/japplphysiol.00971.2016 · PMC7005133

It reduces Clear skin.

All nine included studies reported a negative correlation between vitamin D level and chronic rhinosinusitis; vitamin D deficiency also causes airway hyperresponsiveness. doi 10.7759/cureus.55955 · PMC4002254

It increases Balance & falls.

10.1186/s12877-024-05009-x — Drawn from reviews of neighboring outcomes rather than from studies of this outcome itself, which is weaker evidence, and the map marks it so. doi 10.1186/s12877-024-05009-x

It reduces Prolactin.

Vitamin D lowers prolactin in macroprolactinaemia, and vitamin D status gates other agents. “The Association between Macroprolactin Levels and Vitamin D” (doi 10.1055/s-0035-1555877): “Vitamin D administered to patients with macroprolactinemia increased 25-hydroxyvitamin, reduced total prolactin and macroprolactin... The effect of vitamin D on total prolactin and macroprolactin correlated with their baseline values and baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin.” Independently, PMC10221981 reports that “metformin has been found to reduce prolactin levels only if 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were within the reference range, and this effect correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.” the effect is demonstrated in macroprolactinaemic / vitamin-D-insufficient patients and is baseline-dependent — it is not evidence that vitamin D lowers prolactin in replete, normoprolactinaemic people. The cardiometabolic study is a pilot. doi 10.1055/s-0035-1555877 · PMC10221981

It reduces Type 1 diabetes.

Verbatim: 'The pooled odds ratio for type 1 diabetes comparing vitamin D supplementation with non-supplementation during early life was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51-0.98)' (PMC3798920), eight observational studies. Scope, stated plainly: all eight ARE observational, and the meta's own cohort subgroup was null. Daisy and DIPP found no association with islet autoimmunity. The significant result is on the binary diagnosis endpoint, the nulls are on the earlier seroconversion endpoint. Both stand. PMC3798920

Victorious (Antiviral Immunity) →