Liver detox
Phase I/II detox
Also searched as Phase I/II detox.
Any product claiming to boost detoxification must say which phase.
In depth
Cytochrome P450 oxidation — the first step of xenobiotic clearance, and the step that can make things worse.
What drives it
Alcohol metabolism increases it.
Alcohol induces CYP2E1, and that induction is what generates the reactive species which damage the liver - the enzyme rises to meet the load and the by-products do the harm. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
Antioxidant defense increases it.
NRF2 coordinates the phase II response that must follow phase I; without it, the reactive intermediates accumulate rather than being conjugated and cleared. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
Absorption increases it.
First-pass CYP metabolism is a principal determinant of how much of an oral compound reaches the circulation. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
Heme iron increases it.
HEME is not only hemoglobin - the CYP450 enzymes of phase I detoxification are hemoproteins. Iron deficiency reaches further than anemia. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism and clinical reviews. doi 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755 · PMC9967593
What it drives
It increases Liver clearance.
Phase I oxidation is the first step of xenobiotic clearance, preparing compounds for the conjugation and export that follow. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
It reduces Liver.
Phase I metabolism frequently produces a more reactive intermediate than the parent compound, so the first step of clearance can be more damaging than the substance it acts on. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
It increases Oxidative stress.
Reactive intermediates generated by phase I oxidation are a direct source of oxidative stress. doi 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6 · PMC10132248
It reduces Alcohol recovery.
10.1093/alcalc/agaf014 — Drawn from reviews of neighboring outcomes rather than from studies of this outcome itself, which is weaker evidence, and the map marks it so. Verbatim: “With our collaborators we have also shown that Cyp2e1 knockout mice are resistant to alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver inflammation”. doi 10.1093/alcalc/agaf014 · PMID 25462064
Blends that modulate it
Each blend page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.