Copper status
Cuproenzyme cofactor
Also searched as Cuproenzyme cofactor.
Lysyl oxidase is a copper enzyme, Which puts Copper Behind Collagen and Elastin cross-linking — connective tissue strength, not just antioxidant defense. The therapeutic window is narrow at both ends, and the commonest cause of deficiency in practice is prolonged high-dose zinc supplementation.
In depth
Cofactor for cytochrome c oxidase, SOD1, lysyl oxidase and ceruloplasmin.
What drives it
Zinc status reduces it.
High-dose zinc induces metallothionein which traps copper - the commonest cause of copper deficiency in practice is prolonged zinc supplementation. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
Micronutrient status increases it.
10.3389/fphys.2024.1243629 — Dietary copper. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3389/fphys.2024.1243629 · PMC9967593
Metal-binding protein increases it.
Metallothionein is the major intracellular copper-binding protein in hepatic copper handling. PMC2920313
What it drives
It increases Superoxide dismutase.
SOD1 requires copper and zinc at its active site. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It increases Tissue remodeling.
Lysyl oxidase is a copper enzyme - copper sits behind collagen and elastin cross-linking, so connective tissue strength depends on it. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews (PMC9967593; doi 10.3390/nu18132141; PMC12673670; doi 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755). Verbatim: “Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-dependent monoamine oxidase whose primary function is the covalent cross-linking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM)”. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMID 42100872 · PMC9967593
It increases Mitochondrial energy.
Cytochrome c oxidase is a copper enzyme. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It increases Iron status.
Ceruloplasmin is required to mobilize iron - copper deficiency can present as anemia. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It increases Metal-binding protein.
Copper likewise induces metallothionein transcription through MTF-1 and the metal-response element. doi 10.3390/ani9060353
Blends that modulate it
Each blend page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.