What is behind Acne & Breakouts
Follicular inflammation at the pilosebaceous unit. The conventional model is local, not systemic — and the direction may run backwards: acne can be a marker of hormonal abnormality rather than its consequence. Evidence A — Human trial evidence.
The body's largest organ and its most visible record. Collagen, elastin and barrier lipids degrade on a measurable schedule — and the evidence shows the degradation mechanisms specifically, because that is what the evidence actually witnesses. Evidence A — Human trial evidence.
The master inflammatory switch — indispensable to defend against threat, corrosive when it never stands down. Evidence B — Preclinical.
The transcription factor that commands the body's own antioxidant and detoxification arsenal. Evidence A — Human trial evidence.
Advanced glycation end-products — the sugar-damaged proteins that stiffen tissue and inflame the vessel wall. Evidence A — Human trial evidence.
The intestinal barrier — the selective wall that admits nutrients, excludes toxins and anchors the gut–brain and immune dialogue. Evidence B — Preclinical.
Evidence on these pathways
Intestinal Barrier → Ammonia. “This weakens the paracellular seal of the intestinal epithelium, enabling microbial products such as endotoxins, ammonia, and even whole microorganisms to translocate into the portal circulation.” — How the gut-liver axis shapes hepatic encephalopathy: mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives. Exploration of Digestive Diseases 2025;4:100597. doi:10.37349/edd.2025.100597 (no PMID exists — the journal is not MEDLINE-indexed; absence confirmed on file, not derived)
Intestinal Barrier → Oxygen-Carrying Capacity. “The two main causes are the villous atrophy of the mucosa at the site of iron absorption (the duodenum) and the resulting inflammation, which triggers the mechanism that leads to the anemia of chronic disease.” — Persistent Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Celiac Disease Despite a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients, 2020, 12(8), 2176. doi:10.3390/nu12082176
Intestinal Barrier → Micronutrient Status. “Micronutrient deficits, such as those in zinc and iron, can be caused by intestinal permeability and gut inflammation brought on by environmental enteric dysfunction.” — Environmental Enteropathy and Anaemia Status Among Under-Five Children, in Slum Areas of Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2023, vol 14, 33-43. doi:10.2147/PHMT.S387747
NF-κB → CD38 NADase. “Regulation of CD38 expression in HASM cells involves the transcription factor NF-κB, and glucocorticoids inhibit this expression through NF-κB-dependent and -independent mechanisms.” — Regulation of the cd38 promoter in human airway smooth muscle cells by TNF-α and dexamethasone. Respiratory Research, 2008, vol 9, 26. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-9-26
Formulas that act on these pathways
Acts on 6 of these pathways: Acne, Skin Structure & Barrier, NF-κB, Nrf2, Advanced Glycation (AGEs), Intestinal Barrier.
Acts on 4 of these pathways: Skin Structure & Barrier, NF-κB, Nrf2, Intestinal Barrier.
Acts on 3 of these pathways: NF-κB, Nrf2, Intestinal Barrier.
Acts on 3 of these pathways: NF-κB, Nrf2, Advanced Glycation (AGEs).
Acts on 3 of these pathways: NF-κB, Nrf2, Intestinal Barrier.
Acts on 3 of these pathways: NF-κB, Nrf2, Intestinal Barrier.
What this page does not claim
This page names the pathways involved and the published evidence on each. It does not claim that any formula treats, cures or prevents Acne & Breakouts. A pathway opens here only on graded, published evidence, under a standard fixed before the evidence was gathered, and every figure above carries its grade.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.