Phase-two glucuronidation
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase conjugation
Also searched as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase conjugation.
The step that Actually Finishes Detoxification. Phase I makes a reactive intermediate; glucuronidation makes it excretable. It also clears hormones and many botanical compounds, which is the main reason oral polyphenol bioavailability is low — the body treats them as xenobiotics and conjugates them on first pass.
In depth
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase conjugation — the highest-capacity route for making compounds water-soluble.
What drives it
Antioxidant defense increases it.
NRF2 induces the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and clinical reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
Liver increases it.
10.1371/journal.pone.0096664 — Principally hepatic. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and clinical reviews. doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0096664 · PMC9967593
What it drives
It increases Liver clearance.
The step that actually finishes detoxification - phase I makes a reactive intermediate, glucuronidation makes it excretable. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and clinical reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It reduces Absorption.
First-pass conjugation is the main reason oral polyphenol bioavailability is low - the body treats them as xenobiotics. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and clinical reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
Blends that modulate it
Each blend page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.