Glutamine status
Nitrogen shuttle and enterocyte fuel
Also searched as Nitrogen shuttle and enterocyte fuel.
Conditionally essential: normally made in sufficient quantity, but demand outstrips synthesis under severe stress, injury and critical illness — which is where the supplementation evidence sits, and it does not transfer to healthy people.
In depth
The most abundant free amino acid — fuel for enterocytes and lymphocytes and a nitrogen shuttle.
What drives it
Micronutrient status increases it.
Dietary and endogenous synthesis from glutamate. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
What it drives
It increases Gut barrier.
The preferred fuel of the enterocyte. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It increases Immune support.
Lymphocyte proliferation is glutamine-dependent. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It increases Master antioxidant.
A glutathione precursor via glutamate. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
It increases Muscle.
Conditionally essential - demand outstrips synthesis under severe stress and injury, which is where the evidence sits. It does not transfer to healthy people. Carried by the intermediary-metabolism, micronutrient and redox reviews. doi 10.3390/nu18132141 · PMC9967593
Blends that modulate it
Each blend page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.