The Handle on the Immune Cell
Immune cells traveling in the blood need something to grip. This is the grip — and its partner on the vessel wall is the very same protein the virus uses to enter heart muscle. One doorway, used in both directions.
In depth
The partner protein that lets circulating immune cells dock onto inflamed heart vessels.
What drives it
Viral entry receptor increases it.
Pmc1142417 — the virus's doorway has a second job, and it works without any virus at all. Japanese work on the autoimmune model found: '心筋ミオシン免疫のみで心筋細胞および血管内皮においてCXADR発現が誘発されその後持続する' — cardiac myosin immunization alone induces cxadr expression in cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelium, and it persists. And: 'CXADR過剰発現マウスでは、コクサッキーウイルスが感染していなくても心筋組織への炎症細胞浸潤が認められた' — in mice overexpressing it, inflammatory cells infiltrated the heart even without any coxsackievirus infection (上原記念生命科学財団研究報告集 33 (2019) — EAMにおけるCXADR発現の解析 (Uehara Memorial Foundation Research Report Vol.33, Yokohama City University)). ⇒ the mechanism is adhesion: the endothelial cxadr domain 'JAMLと異種間分子結合を形成することで、循環免疫細胞の血管内皮への遊走・接着' — it binds jaml on circulating immune cells and pulls them into the vessel wall. the same protein that lets the virus in also lets the immune system in. It is a doorway in both directions, and the source calls it '劇症型心筋炎および心筋症に対する有力な治療標的の一つ' — a promising therapeutic target for fulminant myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.
What it drives
It increases Heart muscle inflammation.
The virus's doorway has a second job, and it works without any virus at all. Japanese work on the autoimmune model found: '心筋ミオシン免疫のみで心筋細胞および血管内皮においてCXADR発現が誘発されその後持続する' — cardiac myosin immunization alone induces cxadr expression in cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelium, and it persists. And: 'CXADR過剰発現マウスでは、コクサッキーウイルスが感染していなくても心筋組織への炎症細胞浸潤が認められた' — in mice overexpressing it, inflammatory cells infiltrated the heart even without any coxsackievirus infection (上原記念生命科学財団研究報告集 33 (2019) — EAMにおけるCXADR発現の解析 (Uehara Memorial Foundation Research Report Vol.33, Yokohama City University)). ⇒ the mechanism is adhesion: the endothelial cxadr domain 'JAMLと異種間分子結合を形成することで、循環免疫細胞の血管内皮への遊走・接着' — it binds jaml on circulating immune cells and pulls them into the vessel wall. the same protein that lets the virus in also lets the immune system in. It is a doorway in both directions, and the source calls it '劇症型心筋炎および心筋症に対する有力な治療標的の一つ' — a promising therapeutic target for fulminant myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.