Self-knowledge

An emerging construct outside the dsm-5 six: evaluating the success of your own cognitive processes. Dissociable from performance itself — you can be accurate and unaware, or wrong and confident.

Body awareness increases it.

Verbatim: 'dorsolateral and anterior prefrontal cortical subregions interact with interoceptive cortices (cingulate and insula) to promote metacognitive accuracy' (PMC3318765, 10.1098/rstb.2011.0417, PMC11962349). Tier: human evidence synthesis. human cortical substrates of metacognitive accuracy across fMRI, TMS and neuropsychology. Stops: the claim is that interoceptive cortices participate in a prefrontal-inte. doi 10.1098/rstb.2011.0417 · PMC3318765

It increases Memory & focus.

Verbatim: 'Experiment 1 (N = 164) showed that making metacognitive predictions and subsequently receiving feedback led to improved metacognitive calibration and more optimal reminder-setting strategies.' (10.1186/s41235-026-00714-0). Tier: human randomized trials. human · behavioral online experiment · brief 5-trial metacognitive intervention during a practice session · n=164 (Exp 1) and n=416 (Exp 2) · two-experiment between-subjects d. doi 10.1186/s41235-026-00714-0

It increases Decision making.

Verbatim: 'The results showed that the experimental group improved its ability to decide, based on analytical thinking, about economic and healthcare-related everyday decision-making situations after they received the metacognitive strategy training.' (10.3390/jintelligence11090182, DOI 10.3390/jintelligence11090182). What was measured: Ability to make decisions about everyday economic and healthcare decision-making situations (pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up). doi 10.3390/jintelligence11090182

Autonomous (Executive Command) →