Blood pressure hormone
Renin
Also searched as Renin.
In depth
The enzyme that opens the pressure cascade. Notable for its speed — renin peaks within a minute of acute stress, faster than cortisol — which makes it the earliest endocrine responder measured here.
What drives it
Sympathetic drive increases it.
NBK470410 — Sympathetic outflow stimulates renin release - the classic beta-1 mediated step.
Kidney increases it.
NBK470410 — Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus; renal perfusion sets its release.
What it drives
It increases Lowers blood pressure.
Verbatim: 'It plays an essential role in the rate-limiting step of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), responsible for blood volume homeostasis and mean arterial blood pressure.'. PMC7152415
It increases Galectin-3.
The RAAS route, shown in both directions. Induction: in the Groningen pectin study, 'Ang II induced an upregulation of the markers ANP, Acta1, and also galectin-3/LGALS3 (~16-fold increase; P < 0.01)' (doi 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103321). Dependence: 'Galectin-3 mediates aldosterone-induced vascular fibrosis' (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013;33:67-75), and blocking galectin-3 with modified citrus pectin prevented the cardiac inflammation and fibrosis of aldosterone-salt rats 'whereas Gal-3 blockade did not modify blood pressure levels' (Hypertension 2015;66:767-75). That last clause is the point: this axis drives fibrosis through galectin-3, not through pressure. doi 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103321
Blends that modulate it
Each blend page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
See it on the map
Open the causal map to follow this pathway upstream and downstream, arrow by arrow, each with its study.