8-Prenylnaringenin from Hops Extract: Scientific Insights into Its Role as an Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a naturally occurring prenylflavonoid found in hops extract, renowned for its potent phytoestrogenic properties. Emerging research suggests that 8-PN may influence cellular processes, including autophagy activation, and offer potential benefits as an appetite suppressant. This article provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the scientific mechanisms behind these effects, along with an evaluation of current research findings.
Chemical Profile and Background

8-Prenylnaringenin is one of the most bioactive compounds present in hops extract. Its unique molecular structure contributes to its strong estrogenic activity, making it one of the most potent phytoestrogens identified in nature. Historically recognized for its role in modulating hormone-responsive tissues, 8-PN has attracted scientific attention for additional metabolic effects, including the regulation of autophagy and appetite.

Key attributes include:

Potent Phytoestrogen: Interacts with estrogen receptors, potentially influencing various metabolic and endocrine pathways.
Prenylated Flavonoid: The prenyl group enhances its bioavailability and biological activity compared to non-prenylated flavonoids.

Natural Source: Derived from hops, which have been used traditionally in herbal medicine for their calming and metabolic benefits.

Understanding Autophagy

Autophagy is a critical cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. This self-cleaning mechanism helps maintain cellular homeostasis and plays a significant role in aging, metabolic regulation, and disease prevention.

8-PN’s Role in Autophagy Modulation

Recent in vitro studies have shown that compounds similar to 8-PN can influence the autophagy pathway through several mechanisms:

Activation of AMPK Pathway:

8-PN may stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor in cells. AMPK activation leads to the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a well-known negative regulator of autophagy. By reducing mTOR activity, autophagy processes can be upregulated, enhancing cellular cleanup and renewal.

Oxidative Stress Reduction:

The antioxidant properties of 8-PN help mitigate oxidative stress, which is known to impair autophagy. By neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-PN creates a cellular environment conducive to efficient autophagic activity.

Upregulation of Autophagy Markers:

Studies using cultured cells have observed increased expression of autophagy-related proteins, such as LC3-II, following treatment with compounds present in hops extract. This suggests that 8-PN may promote the formation and maturation of autophagosomes, thereby supporting the autophagic flux.

These mechanisms provide a plausible biological basis for the claim that 8-PN functions as an autophagy activator. The cellular benefits include improved clearance of damaged components, enhanced cellular longevity, and potential protective effects against metabolic stress.

Hormonal Regulation and Appetite

Appetite and energy balance are tightly controlled by complex neuroendocrine pathways. Estrogen, for example, plays a significant role in the regulation of appetite and metabolism. Given 8-PN’s potent phytoestrogenic properties, its interaction with estrogen receptors—particularly within the central nervous system—may influence satiety signals.
Potential Appetite Suppressant Effects of 8-PN

Modulation of Estrogen Receptors:

By binding to estrogen receptors, 8-PN may affect hypothalamic circuits responsible for hunger and satiety. Estrogen receptor activation in these regions is known to reduce food intake and enhance feelings of fullness.

Influence on Leptin and Insulin Signaling:

Leptin and insulin are crucial hormones in energy balance and appetite regulation. Research suggests that phytoestrogens can improve the sensitivity of these signaling pathways. Improved leptin and insulin sensitivity can lead to better appetite control and energy expenditure, thereby supporting weight management.

Reduction of Inflammatory Markers:

Chronic inflammation is linked to dysregulation of appetite and metabolic disorders. The anti-inflammatory effects of 8-PN may contribute indirectly to appetite suppression by creating a more favorable metabolic environment.

Conclusion

8-Prenylnaringenin from hops extract presents a promising area of research in the context of autophagy activation and appetite suppression. Its ability to modulate key signaling pathways—such as the AMPK-mTOR axis—coupled with its potent phytoestrogenic properties, supports its potential to improve cellular homeostasis and contribute to metabolic health.

Current evidence, largely from in vitro and animal studies, indicates that 8-PN may enhance autophagic processes by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting mTOR signaling. In parallel, its interaction with estrogen receptors and possible modulation of leptin and insulin pathways suggest a role in appetite regulation and weight management. While these findings are encouraging, further clinical research is needed to fully validate these benefits in humans and to establish clear guidelines for safe and effective use.

For those interested in the science of natural compounds and metabolic regulation, 8-Prenylnaringenin represents an intriguing compound that bridges traditional herbal medicine with modern scientific inquiry. As research progresses, it may offer valuable insights and therapeutic applications in the fields of autophagy, metabolic health, and appetite control.

Albatrellus Confluens: Scientific Insights into Its Role as an Oral Herbal Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Albatrellus confluens is a medicinal mushroom that has garnered scientific interest due to its bioactive compounds and potential health benefits. Recent preclinical research has investigated its role in activating autophagy—a crucial cellular recycling process—and modulating appetite. This review examines the current evidence, outlines the mechanisms of action, and discusses the promise of Albatrellus confluens as an oral herbal remedy for these functions.

Understanding Albatrellus Confluens and Its Bioactive Components

Albatrellus confluens is recognized for its diverse array of secondary metabolites, including bioactive polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and ergosterol derivatives. These compounds have been the focus of several peer-reviewed studies exploring their pharmacological properties. In controlled laboratory settings, extracts from Albatrellus confluens have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects—activities that underpin many of its proposed benefits.

Key bioactive constituents include:

Polysaccharides: Known for their immunomodulatory and metabolic effects, these complex sugars may also influence intracellular processes.

Triterpenoids: These compounds have been associated with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties.
Ergosterol Derivatives: Common in mushrooms, these molecules can have diverse biological activities and may play a role in cellular signaling.

The combined actions of these components provide the biochemical basis for the observed effects on autophagy and appetite regulation.

Mechanisms of Autophagy Activation

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process responsible for degrading and recycling damaged organelles and proteins, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to various age-related and metabolic disorders. Research on Albatrellus confluens has begun to unravel how its bioactive compounds may interact with this process.

Modulation of mTOR Signaling

One of the primary pathways controlling autophagy is the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Inhibition of mTOR is a well-known trigger for autophagy. Preliminary in vitro studies have demonstrated that extracts from Albatrellus confluens can downregulate mTOR activity. This downregulation facilitates the initiation of autophagy by relieving the inhibitory effects of mTOR on autophagy-related proteins.

Activation of AMPK Pathway

Another pathway involved in autophagy regulation is the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Activation of AMPK signals a state of energy deficiency within the cell, prompting autophagic processes to generate energy and clear damaged cellular components. Research has indicated that the compounds in Albatrellus confluens may activate AMPK, thereby promoting autophagy. Markers such as increased LC3-II levels and upregulation of autophagy-related genes (ATG) have been observed in cell culture models treated with fungal extracts.

Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Genes

In addition to modulating key signaling pathways, Albatrellus confluens has been associated with the increased expression of genes directly involved in autophagy. This genomic response enhances the cell’s capacity to initiate and sustain autophagic processes, contributing to improved cellular homeostasis and potentially offering protective benefits against metabolic stress.
Mechanisms Underlying Appetite Suppression

Appetite regulation is a complex interplay of hormonal, neural, and metabolic signals. While the appetite suppressant effects of Albatrellus confluens are an emerging area of research, several plausible mechanisms have been identified:

Modulation of Neuroendocrine Signaling

Some studies suggest that bioactive compounds in medicinal mushrooms may influence neuroendocrine pathways involved in hunger and satiety. By modulating hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, these compounds could help regulate appetite. Although direct evidence in Albatrellus confluens is limited to preclinical models, alterations in the expression of neuropeptides that control feeding behavior have been noted in experimental settings.

Impact on Metabolic Pathways

The activation of autophagy itself may indirectly contribute to appetite suppression. Improved cellular recycling and energy balance can lead to more efficient metabolism, which in turn can influence the body’s overall energy homeostasis. Animal studies have shown that enhanced autophagic activity is often associated with improved metabolic profiles and a reduction in appetite-stimulating signals. These findings suggest that Albatrellus confluens, through its autophagy-activating properties, might play a role in managing appetite.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Chronic inflammation has been linked to dysregulated appetite and metabolic disorders. The anti-inflammatory properties of Albatrellus confluens, driven by its triterpenoids and polysaccharides, may help restore normal appetite regulation. By reducing systemic inflammation, the fungus could contribute to a more balanced neuroendocrine environment, supporting the suppression of excessive hunger signals.
It is important to note that while the preclinical evidence is promising, these studies are primarily conducted in controlled laboratory environments. Robust human clinical trials are necessary to fully validate these findings and establish effective dosing regimens.

Conclusion

Albatrellus confluens is emerging as a promising herbal agent with potential applications as an oral autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. Its bioactive compounds—particularly polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and ergosterol derivatives—appear to modulate key cellular pathways involved in autophagy and metabolic regulation. Preclinical studies have provided evidence that these compounds can downregulate mTOR, activate AMPK, and upregulate autophagy-related genes, all of which contribute to improved cellular homeostasis. Additionally, emerging research suggests that these effects may extend to the regulation of appetite through neuroendocrine modulation and anti-inflammatory actions.

While the current scientific evidence is primarily based on in vitro and animal model studies, the promising results warrant further investigation through rigorous human clinical trials. For individuals seeking a natural approach to support cellular health and metabolic balance, Albatrellus confluens represents an exciting area of ongoing research with the potential to contribute significantly to the field of herbal therapeutics.

Alisol B from Alisma orientale: A Scientifically Supported Herbal Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Alisol B, a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from the traditional medicinal herb Alisma orientale, has recently garnered scientific interest due to its potential as an oral herbal autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. With roots in centuries-old herbal practices and increasing support from modern peer-reviewed studies, alisol B is emerging as a promising candidate for promoting metabolic regulation, cellular health, and weight management.

Introduction to Alisol B and Alisma orientale

Alisma orientale has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for its diuretic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties. Among its diverse range of bioactive compounds, alisol B stands out for its dual action: it activates autophagy—a cellular process critical for maintaining homeostasis—and exerts appetite-suppressing effects that may aid in weight management. Researchers have explored alisol B’s mechanisms in preclinical models, revealing its potential to influence key metabolic pathways and supporting its traditional uses with scientific evidence.

Mechanism of Action: Autophagy Activation

Autophagy is an essential process in which cells degrade and recycle damaged organelles and proteins, thereby ensuring optimal cellular function and longevity. Dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and the aging process. Recent studies indicate that alisol B can effectively stimulate autophagic activity through the following mechanisms:

Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK): AMPK is a central regulator of energy balance within cells. Scientific investigations have demonstrated that alisol B promotes the activation of AMPK. This activation is significant because AMPK functions as an energy sensor and initiates cellular pathways that restore energy balance.

Inhibition of the mTOR Pathway: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts as a key negative regulator of autophagy. By inhibiting mTOR activity, alisol B facilitates the initiation and progression of autophagy. This inhibition not only enhances the clearance of cellular waste but also supports overall metabolic health.

The interplay between AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition is a well-established mechanism for promoting autophagy. Peer-reviewed studies in cell cultures and animal models have provided consistent evidence that alisol B’s modulation of these pathways contributes to improved cellular maintenance and energy regulation.

Appetite Suppression and Metabolic Regulation

In addition to enhancing autophagy, alisol B has demonstrated potential in suppressing appetite—an effect that is crucial for managing body weight and metabolic health. Appetite regulation involves a complex network of hormonal and neural signals, including the actions of leptin, ghrelin, and various neuropeptides within the hypothalamus. Key points regarding alisol B’s role in appetite suppression include:

Modulation of Metabolic Hormones: Preliminary evidence suggests that alisol B may influence the expression or sensitivity of hormones involved in appetite control. This modulation can lead to a decrease in food intake and an increase in satiety, supporting weight management.

Impact on Lipid Metabolism: By influencing lipid processing, alisol B may reduce the accumulation of adipose tissue. Experimental models have shown that its administration correlates with improved lipid profiles, which further supports its role in combating obesity and metabolic syndrome.

These findings are based on in vitro experiments and animal studies, where alisol B has been observed to exert both direct and indirect effects on appetite regulation and energy metabolism. Although these results are promising, ongoing research is required to fully delineate the molecular targets involved and to confirm these effects in human populations.

Scientific Evidence and Peer-Reviewed Studies

A growing body of peer-reviewed literature has investigated the bioactivity of alisol B and its derivatives. The following points summarize the key scientific findings:

AMPK Activation and mTOR Inhibition: Multiple studies have confirmed that alisol B enhances AMPK activity while concurrently suppressing mTOR signaling. This dual action is essential for triggering autophagy and maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Anti-Adipogenic Effects: Research involving animal models has revealed that alisol B can reduce adipogenesis—the process of fat cell formation—by altering lipid metabolism. These findings support the compound’s potential as an effective appetite suppressant and weight management aid.

Metabolic Health Improvements: Experimental evidence indicates that alisol B administration is associated with favorable changes in lipid profiles and enhanced insulin sensitivity. These effects are particularly relevant for individuals with metabolic syndrome or those at risk of obesity-related conditions.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties: In addition to its metabolic benefits, alisol B has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in several studies. These properties contribute to reducing cellular stress and may indirectly support the processes of autophagy and metabolic regulation.

While the majority of these findings originate from preclinical studies, the consistency of the results across various experimental models provides a strong scientific foundation for the potential health benefits of alisol B.

Potential Health Benefits and Applications

The emerging evidence supports several promising health applications for alisol B:

Weight Management and Obesity Prevention: By combining appetite suppression with enhanced autophagy, alisol B may help reduce caloric intake and prevent the excessive accumulation of fat. Its effects on lipid metabolism make it a candidate for addressing obesity.

Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Improvements in lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity suggest that alisol B could be beneficial for managing the various components of metabolic syndrome, potentially reducing the risk of associated complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Promotion of Cellular Health and Longevity: Enhancing autophagy is a key strategy in maintaining cellular integrity and function. By stimulating this process, alisol B may contribute to overall cellular health and potentially mitigate the progression of age-related disorders.

Conclusion

Alisol B, isolated from Alisma orientale, is a compelling herbal compound with dual roles as an autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. Its ability to activate AMPK and inhibit mTOR establishes a strong mechanistic basis for enhancing autophagy, a process crucial for cellular maintenance and metabolic regulation. Additionally, its potential to modulate appetite and improve lipid metabolism positions alisol B as a promising agent for weight management and the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.

Supported by a growing body of peer-reviewed studies, alisol B exemplifies the innovative integration of traditional herbal medicine with modern scientific research. While further clinical investigations are necessary to fully validate its efficacy and safety in human populations, the current evidence underscores its potential as a natural therapeutic option for improving metabolic health and promoting overall cellular well-being.

Through its multifaceted mechanisms and promising preclinical results, alisol B offers an exciting avenue for future research and potential therapeutic development in the realm of metabolic regulation and healthy aging.

Allicin: A Comprehensive Scientific Overview of Its Role as an Oral Herbal Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Allicin, a bioactive compound derived from garlic extract, has garnered significant scientific interest due to its broad spectrum of health-promoting properties. Known primarily for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, emerging research also suggests that allicin may influence critical cellular pathways. In particular, evidence from preclinical studies indicates that allicin can modulate autophagy—a fundamental process for cellular maintenance—and may contribute to appetite regulation. This overview presents a detailed, evidence-based examination of allicin’s role as an oral herbal autophagy activator and appetite suppressant, discussing its mechanisms of action and the scientific data that support these effects.

Understanding Autophagy and Its Health Implications

Autophagy is an essential, evolutionarily conserved cellular process responsible for degrading and recycling damaged proteins and organelles. This “self-eating” mechanism helps maintain cellular homeostasis, supports energy balance, and prevents the accumulation of toxic materials. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in various chronic conditions, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Enhancing autophagic activity has therefore emerged as a promising strategy to support overall cellular health and metabolic regulation.

Mechanisms of Autophagy Activation by Allicin

Modulation of Cellular Energy Sensors

One of the primary mechanisms through which allicin is proposed to activate autophagy involves the modulation of key energy-sensing pathways:

AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation:

Allicin has been shown in preclinical studies to activate AMPK, a crucial sensor of cellular energy status. When activated, AMPK promotes autophagy by enhancing the clearance of damaged cellular components and restoring energy balance. This activation is especially significant because AMPK stimulates catabolic processes that generate ATP, thereby supporting cellular repair and regeneration.

Inhibition of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway:

mTOR functions as a negative regulator of autophagy. Research indicates that allicin may contribute to the inhibition of mTOR signaling, thereby removing the blockade on autophagic processes. This inhibition facilitates the formation of autophagosomes—the vesicles that encapsulate cellular debris for degradation.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Allicin’s potent antioxidant properties enable it to modulate intracellular redox status, which is intricately linked with autophagy regulation. Oxidative stress can trigger autophagic responses as a protective measure; by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, allicin may help optimize the conditions under which autophagy operates efficiently. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effects may indirectly support autophagy by mitigating chronic low-grade inflammation, a factor known to impair normal autophagic function.

Upregulation of Autophagic Markers

Studies conducted in cell culture models have demonstrated that allicin exposure leads to an increase in autophagic markers such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). An elevated LC3-II/LC3-I ratio is a widely accepted indicator of autophagic activity. These findings suggest that allicin not only initiates autophagic pathways but may also enhance the overall autophagic flux within cells.

Allicin as an Appetite Suppressant: Mechanistic Insights

Influence on Metabolic Regulation

The potential appetite-suppressing properties of allicin are thought to stem from its ability to impact key metabolic regulators. By activating AMPK and modulating energy balance, allicin can influence metabolic pathways that determine energy expenditure and fat metabolism. In preclinical models, these effects have been correlated with reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity—factors that play a critical role in appetite regulation.

Modulation of Satiety Hormones

Emerging evidence from animal studies indicates that allicin may affect the secretion and activity of hormones involved in satiety and hunger regulation. For example:

Leptin and Ghrelin Regulation:

Although the precise mechanisms require further elucidation, there is an indication that allicin may alter the balance between leptin (a hormone associated with satiety) and ghrelin (a hormone that stimulates hunger). By potentially enhancing leptin signaling or reducing ghrelin levels, allicin could contribute to a diminished appetite and reduced food intake.

Impact on Adipokine Secretion:

Adipokines—cytokines secreted by adipose tissue—play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Allicin’s anti-inflammatory properties may help normalize adipokine profiles, thereby supporting a more balanced appetite regulation system.

Reduction of Inflammatory Mediators

Chronic inflammation is known to disrupt normal metabolic signaling and appetite regulation. Allicin’s ability to lower inflammatory cytokine levels may help restore a healthy metabolic environment, further supporting its role as an appetite suppressant. This anti-inflammatory action is consistent with improved cellular signaling and energy balance, contributing to better overall metabolic health.

Conclusion

Allicin from garlic extract represents a promising natural compound with potential benefits that extend beyond its well-established antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions. Preclinical research provides compelling evidence that allicin may activate autophagic processes through the modulation of AMPK and mTOR pathways, while also contributing to appetite regulation by influencing metabolic and hormonal signals. Although the majority of supporting studies are derived from in vitro and animal models, the mechanistic insights gained thus far lay a solid foundation for future clinical research.

For individuals seeking natural approaches to support cellular health and metabolic regulation, allicin offers an intriguing option. Its ability to enhance autophagic activity may help maintain cellular homeostasis, while its potential appetite-suppressing effects could contribute to improved energy balance and weight management. As research continues to evolve, further studies will be essential to validate these benefits in human populations and to optimize the use of allicin in clinical settings.

By integrating allicin into a balanced, health-conscious lifestyle, it may be possible to harness its unique bioactive properties in support of long-term well-being. The ongoing exploration of allicin’s mechanisms not only deepens our understanding of this potent compound but also reinforces the valuable role of natural products in advancing modern health strategies.

Amorphophallus Konjac Tuber: A Scientific Synopsis on Its Role as an Oral Herbal Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Amorphophallus konjac, commonly known as konjac, is a tuberous plant that has been traditionally used in Asian medicine and cuisine. Modern scientific inquiry has revealed that the konjac tuber is a rich source of glucomannan—a high-molecular-weight, water-soluble dietary fiber. This synopsis provides an evidence-based overview of konjac’s role as an appetite suppressant and explores emerging insights regarding its potential to support autophagy, a critical cellular recycling process.

Overview of Konjac Tuber and Glucomannan

Konjac is cultivated primarily in East Asia, where its starchy tuber is processed to extract glucomannan. This fiber is characterized by its high viscosity and remarkable water-binding capacity. When mixed with water, glucomannan expands significantly, forming a gel-like substance. This unique physical property has been leveraged in food products, weight management supplements, and traditional herbal remedies.

Traditional Use and Modern Applications

Historically, konjac has been used for its health-promoting properties, particularly in digestive health and as a natural remedy for weight control. Today, scientific studies have focused on its ability to promote satiety, reduce calorie intake, and potentially influence metabolic pathways that are associated with autophagy.
Mechanisms of Appetite Suppression

Enhanced Satiety Through Water Absorption

The primary mechanism by which konjac functions as an appetite suppressant is its capacity to absorb water and expand in the gastrointestinal tract. When consumed prior to meals, glucomannan absorbs significant amounts of water, swelling to form a viscous gel. This expansion in the stomach produces a sense of fullness that can last for several hours, thereby reducing overall food intake.

Delay of Gastric Emptying

In addition to its water-absorbing properties, the viscous gel formed by konjac slows gastric emptying. This delay in the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine helps maintain prolonged satiety and reduces postprandial (after-meal) blood sugar spikes. Numerous peer-reviewed clinical studies have demonstrated that consistent intake of konjac glucomannan leads to measurable reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference among overweight and obese individuals.

Glycemic Regulation and Metabolic Impact

By moderating the rate at which carbohydrates are absorbed, konjac also plays a role in glycemic control. Stabilized blood sugar levels and lower insulin spikes contribute to improved metabolic health, which is an important factor in weight management. The reduced caloric intake combined with improved metabolic regulation forms the basis of konjac’s effectiveness as an appetite suppressant.

Emerging Insights on Autophagy Activation

Autophagy is a vital cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of damaged cellular components. This process is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been linked to improved longevity and metabolic health. Autophagy is typically activated in response to cellular stress, nutrient deprivation, or specific molecular signals.

Indirect Pathways for Autophagy Stimulation

Although direct evidence linking konjac tuber consumption to autophagy activation in humans is still emerging, several indirect mechanisms suggest a potential role:

Caloric Restriction and Satiety: By effectively reducing appetite and caloric intake, konjac may contribute to intermittent caloric restriction. It is well established that caloric restriction is a potent activator of autophagy. The prolonged feeling of fullness associated with konjac consumption may thus create metabolic conditions favorable for autophagy.

Glycemic Control and Insulin Regulation: Stabilized blood glucose levels and lower insulin secretion have been associated with enhanced autophagic processes. The modulatory effects of konjac on carbohydrate absorption and insulin levels may indirectly support the activation of autophagy by reducing the chronic metabolic stress associated with high insulin and glucose fluctuations.

Molecular Pathways: Preliminary Findings

Preliminary in vitro studies and animal models have indicated that certain dietary components can influence key regulatory pathways of autophagy, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. While these studies primarily involve controlled laboratory settings, they provide a theoretical framework for how a high-fiber supplement like konjac could support autophagic activity. The reduction in nutrient availability and improved metabolic balance observed with konjac consumption align with known triggers of autophagy activation. However, it is important to note that direct clinical evidence in humans remains limited at this time, and further research is needed to conclusively establish this role.

Autophagy Activation: An Emerging Area of Research

While robust human clinical data on konjac-induced autophagy are currently limited, early research provides promising insights:

In Vitro and Animal Studies: Preliminary experiments suggest that dietary interventions capable of reducing nutrient availability may enhance autophagic processes via modulation of mTOR and activation of AMPK. Konjac’s effects on glycemic control and satiety are consistent with these mechanisms.

Metabolic Health Correlation: The improvements in metabolic markers observed with konjac supplementation indirectly support the concept that a favorable metabolic environment can promote autophagy.

It is essential to underscore that while these findings are encouraging, they should be interpreted as preliminary. The direct link between konjac consumption and autophagy activation in humans requires further investigation through well-designed clinical trials.

Digestive Health and Cholesterol Regulation

Beyond its role in appetite suppression and potential autophagy activation, konjac has been associated with other health benefits. The high fiber content aids in regular bowel movements and contributes to overall digestive health. Moreover, glucomannan has been shown to help reduce blood cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids and promoting their excretion.

Practical Considerations for Use

Dosage and Consumption: Clinical studies typically use doses in the range of 1–3 grams of glucomannan taken prior to meals. It is important to consume adequate water alongside konjac supplements to ensure proper expansion and to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort.

Integration into a Balanced Diet: While konjac can be a valuable addition to a weight management regimen, it should be integrated as part of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle. Combining konjac supplementation with regular physical activity and mindful eating practices can maximize its benefits.

Conclusion

The scientific evidence clearly supports the role of Amorphophallus konjac tuber, through its active component glucomannan, as an effective natural appetite suppressant. Its water-absorbing properties, delayed gastric emptying, and beneficial effects on glycemic control contribute to its efficacy in reducing caloric intake and supporting weight management. Additionally, while direct clinical evidence for konjac as an autophagy activator in humans is still in the early stages, its capacity to promote a favorable metabolic environment may indirectly support cellular autophagic processes.

As research continues to evolve, konjac remains a promising herbal supplement with a well-established foundation in appetite control and emerging potential in the realm of cellular health. Individuals interested in leveraging these benefits are encouraged to consider konjac as part of an overall balanced lifestyle, keeping in mind that further scientific exploration is underway to fully elucidate its role in autophagy activation.

Anthocyanin Extract from Black Soybean (Glycine max L.): A Scientific Overview of Autophagy Activation and Appetite Suppression

Anthocyanin extract derived from black soybean (Glycine max L.) has garnered attention for its potential to support cellular health through autophagy activation and contribute to appetite regulation. Drawing on a body of peer-reviewed research, this overview provides a detailed, evidence-based synopsis of the bioactive components, mechanisms of action, and scientifically supported health effects associated with this natural compound.

Black soybeans are not only a rich source of protein and essential nutrients but also contain high levels of anthocyanins—potent natural pigments known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These anthocyanins, particularly in the seed coat of black soybeans, have been studied for their ability to modulate key cellular pathways. Notably, research indicates that they may act as an oral herbal agent that activates autophagy—a critical cellular recycling process—and serves as an appetite suppressant by influencing metabolic signaling. This synopsis outlines the mechanisms behind these actions and reviews the current scientific evidence.

Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components

Anthocyanin extract from black soybean is composed of several anthocyanidin compounds, with cyanidin-3-glucoside being one of the most well-studied. These bioactive molecules are recognized for their strong antioxidant capacity, which helps neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress at the cellular level. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins is a key factor in modulating intracellular signaling pathways related to inflammation, energy metabolism, and cellular homeostasis.

Mechanisms of Autophagy Activation

Autophagy is an essential process in which cells degrade and recycle damaged proteins and organelles, thereby maintaining cellular integrity and function. Research has demonstrated that anthocyanins may influence this process through several interrelated mechanisms:

1. Modulation of AMPK and mTOR Signaling

AMPK Activation: Anthocyanins have been shown in preclinical studies to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial energy sensor in cells. When activated, AMPK promotes catabolic processes that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) while inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic processes. This shift in energy balance is conducive to autophagy induction.

mTOR Inhibition: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator that typically suppresses autophagy when nutrients are abundant. Evidence indicates that anthocyanin extract can inhibit mTOR activity, thereby removing a key blockade of autophagy. The inhibition of mTOR, coupled with the activation of AMPK, creates an intracellular environment that favors the initiation of autophagic processes.

2. Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are known to impair autophagic efficiency. The antioxidant properties of anthocyanins help reduce cellular oxidative damage, while their anti-inflammatory effects mitigate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By alleviating these stressors, anthocyanin extract indirectly supports the autophagic machinery, ensuring that cells can efficiently remove damaged components and maintain metabolic homeostasis.

3. Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Proteins

In various in vitro studies, treatment with anthocyanin-rich extracts has been associated with increased expression of autophagy markers such as LC3-II and Beclin-1. These proteins are central to the formation of autophagosomes, the cellular structures that engulf and degrade unwanted or damaged materials. The upregulation of these markers reinforces the role of anthocyanins as potential autophagy activators.
Influence on Appetite Regulation and Metabolic Health

In addition to their effects on autophagy, anthocyanins may play a role in appetite regulation and overall metabolic health. Several interrelated mechanisms have been proposed:

1. Modulation of Satiety Hormones

Animal studies have suggested that anthocyanin extract can influence the secretion and sensitivity of key hormones involved in appetite regulation:

Leptin Sensitivity: Leptin is a hormone that signals satiety and regulates energy balance. Improved leptin sensitivity can lead to enhanced appetite control. Some studies indicate that anthocyanins may help improve leptin signaling, thereby contributing to reduced food intake.

Ghrelin Suppression: Ghrelin, often referred to as the “hunger hormone,” stimulates appetite. Anthocyanins may influence the regulation of ghrelin levels, helping to mitigate excessive hunger signals and contributing to appetite suppression.

2. Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Function

Anthocyanin extract has been linked with improved insulin sensitivity and a better overall metabolic profile. Enhanced insulin sensitivity helps in the regulation of blood sugar levels and reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome—a condition often associated with impaired appetite control and weight management challenges. By supporting metabolic health, anthocyanins indirectly contribute to maintaining a balanced energy state and reducing overeating.

3. Anti-Adipogenic Effects

Some studies have observed that anthocyanin-rich extracts can modulate adipogenesis, the process of fat cell formation. By inhibiting the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes, anthocyanins may help reduce fat accumulation. This effect, combined with appetite suppression, offers a dual approach to managing body weight and metabolic health.

Scientific Evidence and Research Findings

A range of preclinical studies has investigated the effects of anthocyanin extract from black soybean on cellular autophagy and metabolic regulation:

Cellular Studies: In cell culture models, anthocyanins have been observed to upregulate autophagy-related proteins and enhance the clearance of damaged cellular components. These effects are mediated by the modulation of AMPK/mTOR pathways, providing a clear mechanistic basis for autophagy activation.

Animal Models: Research in animal models has provided supporting evidence for the metabolic benefits of anthocyanin extract. Studies report improved insulin sensitivity, reduced adipogenesis, and decreased inflammation—factors that collectively contribute to appetite suppression and enhanced metabolic health. The observed modulation of leptin and ghrelin levels in these models further underscores the potential appetite-regulating effects of anthocyanins.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Impact: The robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins have been consistently documented in peer-reviewed research. These properties not only support autophagy by reducing cellular stress but also contribute to overall metabolic regulation.

While the majority of evidence comes from in vitro and animal studies, the cumulative data provide a strong rationale for further exploration of anthocyanin extract as a natural agent for promoting autophagy and regulating appetite. Clinical studies in humans are emerging, and ongoing research continues to refine our understanding of the dose-response relationship and long-term effects.

Safety and Usage Considerations

Anthocyanin extract from black soybean is generally considered safe when consumed as part of a balanced diet. As a natural component of traditional dietary practices, its use as a supplement has a history of safe consumption. However, as with any bioactive compound:

Dosage and Standardization: The effectiveness of anthocyanin extract is dependent on proper dosing and standardization. Consumers should ensure that products are sourced from reputable manufacturers who adhere to quality control standards.

Consultation with Healthcare Professionals: Individuals considering the use of anthocyanin supplements—especially those with underlying health conditions or who are pregnant or breastfeeding—should consult a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate usage.

Complementary Lifestyle Practices: The benefits associated with anthocyanin extract are best realized when combined with a healthy lifestyle that includes balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and proper medical care.

Conclusion

The scientific landscape supports the notion that anthocyanin extract from black soybean (Glycine max L.) holds promising potential as a natural oral herbal supplement. Its ability to activate autophagy through modulation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways and its role in appetite suppression via hormonal regulation are supported by a robust body of preclinical research. These mechanisms contribute not only to cellular quality control but also to improved metabolic health, making anthocyanins a compelling candidate for further research and application in dietary supplementation.

While more clinical data is needed to fully establish its efficacy in humans, the current evidence underscores the importance of anthocyanin-rich extracts as part of a holistic approach to managing cellular health and metabolic balance. As ongoing studies continue to expand our understanding, anthocyanin extract remains a noteworthy natural compound for those seeking scientifically supported solutions for autophagy activation and appetite regulation.

Apios americana Medik Flowers Extract: Scientific Insights into Autophagy Activation and Appetite Suppression

Apios americana Medik, commonly known as the American groundnut, has garnered attention in recent years for its potential health benefits. Emerging research suggests that the flowers extract of this plant may act as an oral herbal autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. This comprehensive overview examines the bioactive compounds present in the extract, explores the underlying mechanisms of autophagy activation and appetite regulation, and reviews the current scientific evidence supporting these effects.

Phytochemical Profile of Apios americana Flowers Extract

Apios americana is recognized for its rich content of bioactive phytochemicals. Studies have confirmed that its flowers contain significant levels of flavonoids, isoflavones, and polyphenolic compounds. These naturally occurring substances are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health. The presence of these compounds provides a biochemical foundation for the extract’s potential to modulate cellular processes such as autophagy and to influence metabolic regulation related to appetite control.

Mechanisms of Autophagy Activation

Autophagy is a vital cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles. This self-cleaning mechanism is essential for cellular repair, metabolic balance, and overall health. Several key pathways have been implicated in the activation of autophagy by bioactive compounds similar to those found in Apios americana.

Activation of AMPK

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy sensor in cells. When activated, AMPK can stimulate autophagy by promoting energy balance and cellular repair mechanisms. Certain flavonoids are known to activate AMPK, thereby triggering autophagic processes. The bioactive compounds present in Apios americana flowers may similarly enhance AMPK activity, leading to the inhibition of downstream targets that normally suppress autophagy.

Inhibition of mTOR Signaling

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator that inhibits autophagy under nutrient-rich conditions. In many cell types, a balance between AMPK and mTOR signaling determines the level of autophagic activity. By activating AMPK, there is a subsequent inhibition of mTOR, which effectively removes the block on autophagy. Preliminary findings from studies on botanicals with similar flavonoid profiles indicate that components in Apios americana extract may contribute to mTOR inhibition, thus facilitating a more robust autophagic response. This mechanism is especially relevant during metabolic stress or in conditions where enhanced cellular cleanup is beneficial.

Appetite Suppression and Metabolic Regulation

The regulation of appetite involves a complex interplay of hormones, neuropeptides, and cellular signaling pathways. Apios americana flowers extract is proposed to support appetite suppression through several interrelated mechanisms:

Modulation of Satiety Hormones

Hormones such as leptin and ghrelin are integral to the regulation of hunger and satiety. Leptin typically signals fullness, while ghrelin stimulates appetite. Although direct studies on Apios americana’s effect on these hormones are limited, the extract’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may help stabilize hormonal fluctuations. This stabilization can potentially enhance satiety signals, thereby reducing overall caloric intake. The modulation of these pathways is a common feature observed in other herbal extracts with similar phytochemical profiles.

Improvement of Metabolic Pathways via Autophagy

Enhanced autophagic activity contributes to improved cellular metabolism by removing damaged cellular components and reducing metabolic stress. In turn, a more efficient metabolic system can positively affect the regulation of hunger signals. In various preclinical models, improved metabolic homeostasis has been linked to better appetite control. The activation of autophagy by Apios americana extract, therefore, may indirectly influence appetite suppression by promoting overall cellular health and metabolic balance.

Scientific Evidence and Peer-Reviewed Research

A growing body of in vitro studies and preliminary animal research supports the potential health benefits of Apios americana flowers extract. Key findings include:

Antioxidant Properties: Research has consistently shown that the extract contains potent antioxidants. These compounds help mitigate oxidative stress—a condition that can impair autophagic efficiency and contribute to metabolic dysfunction.

AMPK Activation: Studies on related botanical extracts have demonstrated that flavonoids can activate AMPK, which is a critical step in initiating autophagy. The presence of these flavonoids in Apios americana provides a plausible mechanism for its autophagy-activating effects.

mTOR Inhibition: The inhibition of mTOR has been observed in cell models treated with similar polyphenolic compounds. By reducing mTOR activity, these compounds facilitate an increase in autophagic activity, supporting the cellular cleaning process.

Metabolic Benefits: Preclinical models have indicated that improved autophagy is associated with better metabolic regulation, which includes the modulation of appetite-related hormones. This suggests that the extract may contribute to appetite suppression through enhanced cellular metabolism.

It is important to note that most of the current evidence is derived from in vitro experiments and animal studies. While these findings provide a promising biochemical rationale for the use of Apios americana flowers extract as an autophagy activator and appetite suppressant, robust clinical trials in human subjects are still limited. The existing research lays a strong foundation for future investigations aimed at confirming these effects in clinical settings.

Future Directions and Considerations

The promising preliminary data on Apios americana flowers extract underscores the need for further research. Future studies should focus on:

Human Clinical Trials: Well-designed trials are necessary to validate the autophagy-activating and appetite-suppressing effects of the extract in human subjects. Such studies would provide definitive insights into its therapeutic potential and optimal dosing strategies.

Isolation of Active Compounds: Research aimed at isolating and characterizing the specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed effects will enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. This could lead to the development of more potent, standardized formulations.

Mechanistic Studies: Detailed investigations into the cellular pathways modulated by the extract, particularly concerning AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition, will help elucidate its role in metabolic regulation and cellular homeostasis.

Conclusion

The Apios americana Medik flowers extract presents a promising natural intervention with the potential to activate autophagy and suppress appetite. Its rich composition of flavonoids, isoflavones, and polyphenolic compounds forms the basis for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties. The proposed mechanisms—namely, the activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of mTOR—offer a scientifically plausible explanation for its role in enhancing autophagic activity, which in turn may contribute to improved cellular metabolism and appetite control.

While current evidence from in vitro studies and preclinical models supports these mechanisms, the translation of these benefits to human health requires further clinical validation. The traditional use and favorable safety profile of Apios americana add to the rationale for its continued study as a natural oral supplement for metabolic health. As research advances, this botanical extract may emerge as a valuable tool in the natural management of cellular health and appetite regulation.

By integrating traditional wisdom with modern scientific inquiry, the potential of Apios americana flowers extract as an autophagy activator and appetite suppressant is an exciting frontier in herbal medicine. Continued research will be key to unlocking its full therapeutic potential and ensuring its effective application in promoting metabolic wellness.

Artemisia vulgaris: A Natural Herbal Agent for Autophagy Activation and Appetite Suppression

Artemisia vulgaris, commonly known as mugwort, has a long history of traditional use across various cultures. Recent scientific inquiry into its bioactive compounds has illuminated potential mechanisms by which this herb may support cellular autophagy and modulate appetite. This article provides an evidence-based synopsis of mugwort’s pharmacological properties, focusing on its role as an autophagy activator and appetite suppressant, while discussing underlying mechanisms and current research findings.

Chemical Composition and Traditional Uses

Mugwort contains a complex array of phytochemicals including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, coumarins, and volatile oils. These constituents are largely credited with the herb’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Historically, mugwort has been used in traditional medicine for digestive support, menstrual regulation, and overall vitality. Its traditional applications have prompted modern investigations into whether its bioactive components can influence intracellular processes and metabolic regulation.

Autophagy Activation: Mechanisms and Evidence

Autophagy is an essential cellular process responsible for the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles and proteins. This process not only maintains cellular homeostasis but also contributes to disease prevention by eliminating potentially harmful cellular components. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in various conditions, including neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and cancer.

Mugwort’s Influence on Autophagy

Preclinical studies have begun to examine how Artemisia vulgaris extracts may modulate autophagy pathways. Key findings from in vitro research indicate that:

Modulation of mTOR Signaling: Certain bioactive compounds in mugwort appear to exert inhibitory effects on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Since mTOR is a major negative regulator of autophagy, its inhibition can lead to an increase in autophagic activity.

Activation of AMPK: Some constituents found in mugwort have been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor that promotes autophagy. AMPK activation is linked with the upregulation of autophagic markers such as LC3-II and the downregulation of p62/SQSTM1, suggesting enhanced autophagic flux.

Oxidative Stress Reduction: The antioxidant properties of mugwort may also indirectly support autophagy by reducing oxidative stress. Lower oxidative stress levels help maintain proper autophagic function, ensuring that damaged cellular components are efficiently degraded.

Scientific Studies Supporting Autophagy Activation

In vitro experiments with mugwort extracts have demonstrated increased levels of autophagic markers in certain cell lines. These studies provide evidence that the herb’s phytochemicals can trigger autophagy-related pathways by:

Downregulating mTOR activity,
Upregulating AMPK, and Enhancing the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II.

While these findings are promising, it is important to note that most research has been conducted in cell cultures or animal models. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these effects in humans. Nonetheless, the current evidence supports the concept that mugwort may act as a natural autophagy activator through well-characterized molecular pathways.

Appetite Suppression: Mechanisms and Scientific Insight

Artemisia vulgaris has been traditionally employed to support digestive health and to manage symptoms related to gastrointestinal discomfort. Anecdotal evidence and historical usage suggest that mugwort may play a role in regulating appetite and enhancing satiety.
Potential Mechanisms for Appetite Modulation

Research into the appetite suppressant effects of mugwort focuses on several potential mechanisms:

Hormonal Regulation: Compounds present in mugwort may influence hormones that control hunger and satiety. Although direct evidence is still emerging, preclinical studies have suggested that bioactive constituents could modulate levels of leptin and ghrelin—hormones that are critical in appetite regulation.

Digestive Enzyme Modulation: Mugwort has been observed to influence the secretion of digestive enzymes. Improved digestion can lead to enhanced nutrient absorption and a more balanced satiety response, potentially reducing the need for excessive caloric intake.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Chronic low-grade inflammation is often linked to metabolic dysregulation and altered appetite control. The anti-inflammatory properties of mugwort may contribute to a more balanced metabolic profile, thereby indirectly supporting appetite regulation.

Integrative Mechanisms: Linking Autophagy and Appetite Regulation

Emerging research suggests a potential intersection between autophagy and metabolic regulation. Efficient autophagic activity not only removes damaged cellular components but also contributes to improved metabolic homeostasis. In this context, mugwort’s ability to activate autophagy may play a dual role:

Metabolic Efficiency: Enhanced autophagy can improve cellular energy balance and reduce metabolic stress, factors that are critical for maintaining proper appetite regulation.

Inflammatory Modulation: By reducing cellular stress and inflammation, autophagy may help stabilize hormonal signals involved in appetite control, further supporting the appetite suppressant properties of mugwort.

This integrative perspective provides a rationale for the traditional use of mugwort in managing metabolic health and suggests that its autophagy-activating properties may complement its effects on appetite suppression.

Conclusion

Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) stands out as a promising herbal candidate with potential benefits as an autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. Scientific studies have demonstrated that mugwort’s bioactive compounds can modulate key molecular pathways such as mTOR inhibition and AMPK activation, leading to enhanced autophagic activity. In addition, its traditional use and emerging research in appetite regulation suggest that mugwort may contribute to improved satiety and metabolic balance.

Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei): Scientific Insights into Its Role as an Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Ashitaba, known botanically as Angelica keiskei, is a traditional Japanese herb celebrated for its potential health benefits. Emerging scientific research has begun to uncover the mechanisms behind its reputed roles as an autophagy activator and an appetite suppressant. This article provides a comprehensive, evidence-based synopsis of Ashitaba’s bioactive compounds, underlying mechanisms, and the current state of scientific research supporting its use.
Introduction

Ashitaba has long been a part of traditional Eastern medicine, historically valued for its restorative properties and potential anti-aging benefits. In recent years, modern scientific studies have focused on its unique bioactive constituents that may influence cellular processes such as autophagy and appetite regulation. Autophagy is a critical cellular recycling process that helps eliminate damaged organelles and proteins, contributing to overall cellular health and longevity. Concurrently, appetite suppression plays a significant role in managing metabolic health. Understanding these dual actions can provide insights into how Ashitaba might support a healthy lifestyle.

Key Bioactive Compounds in Ashitaba Chalcones: Xanthoangelol and 4-Hydroxyderricin

Central to Ashitaba’s bioactivity are compounds known as chalcones, including xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin. These compounds have been the focus of numerous peer-reviewed studies due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Their chemical structure allows them to interact with cellular signaling pathways, making them candidates for modulating metabolic processes. Research has demonstrated that these chalcones can influence pathways related to energy balance, cellular stress responses, and even inflammation, all of which are integral to both autophagy and appetite regulation.

Modulation of the AMPK/mTOR Pathway

One of the most thoroughly investigated mechanisms in cellular biology is the regulation of autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Scientific evidence indicates that the bioactive chalcones present in Ashitaba can activate AMPK, a key energy sensor in cells. When activated, AMPK initiates a cascade of events that lead to the inhibition of the mTOR pathway—a central negative regulator of autophagy.

AMPK Activation: When cellular energy levels are low, AMPK is activated to restore balance. Research suggests that xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin may mimic these energy-depleting signals, thereby activating AMPK even under normal conditions.
mTOR Inhibition: With AMPK activated, the downstream inhibition of mTOR facilitates the initiation of autophagy. This suppression of mTOR is critical, as mTOR typically acts to block autophagic processes when nutrients are abundant.

This modulation supports the clearance of damaged cellular components and contributes to improved cellular homeostasis—a process vital for maintaining cellular function and longevity.

Upregulation of Autophagy Markers

Preclinical studies using in vitro and animal models have shown that treatment with Ashitaba extracts leads to the upregulation of autophagy-related markers. For example:

LC3-II Increase: The conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II is a well-established marker of autophagy induction. Studies have reported increased levels of LC3-II following treatment with Ashitaba, indicating enhanced autophagic flux.
p62 Degradation: p62 is a protein that is typically degraded during the autophagy process. A decrease in p62 levels, as observed in certain studies with Ashitaba extracts, further corroborates the activation of autophagy.

These findings suggest that the herb’s bioactive compounds not only trigger the autophagy pathway but also enhance the cellular mechanisms responsible for the maintenance and recycling of cellular components.

Appetite Suppression Mechanisms

Another intriguing aspect of Ashitaba’s potential benefits is its appetite-suppressing effect. The scientific evidence points to the herb’s influence on the regulation of key satiety hormones:

Leptin Modulation: Leptin is a hormone that signals fullness and reduces appetite. Preliminary studies indicate that Ashitaba’s bioactive compounds may modulate leptin signaling pathways, contributing to a reduction in hunger.
Ghrelin Suppression: Ghrelin is often referred to as the “hunger hormone” because it stimulates appetite. Research in animal models has suggested that Ashitaba may help lower ghrelin levels, thus reducing the drive to eat.

By influencing these hormones, Ashitaba may help in managing caloric intake and supporting weight management strategies. This dual action on both leptin and ghrelin provides a compelling basis for further exploration of Ashitaba as an appetite suppressant.

Central Nervous System Effects

Beyond hormonal regulation, there is emerging evidence that Ashitaba might exert effects on the central nervous system (CNS), which plays a critical role in the perception of hunger and satiety. The bioactive constituents of Ashitaba may interact with neural pathways involved in appetite regulation, contributing to an overall reduction in food intake. While the precise mechanisms within the CNS remain an area of active research, early studies suggest that these interactions can lead to beneficial outcomes in appetite control.

Conclusion

Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) represents a compelling example of how traditional herbal remedies can offer scientifically supported benefits in modern health contexts. The herb’s bioactive chalcones—xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin—play a pivotal role in modulating key cellular pathways such as AMPK and mTOR, which are central to autophagy activation. Enhanced autophagic activity not only aids in cellular maintenance and longevity but also contributes to the overall metabolic balance.

In addition, Ashitaba’s potential to modulate satiety hormones like leptin and ghrelin, alongside its possible central nervous system effects, underpins its role as an appetite suppressant. Although most evidence is derived from preclinical studies, the consistent findings across various models underscore its promise as a natural agent for supporting cellular health and managing appetite.

As research progresses, Ashitaba continues to garner interest as a multifunctional herbal remedy with significant implications for metabolic health, cellular maintenance, and potentially, longevity. Continued scientific inquiry and future clinical trials will be essential to fully understand and harness its therapeutic potential in human populations.

Azuki Bean Extract: A Scientifically-Backed Herbal Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Azuki bean extract, derived from the adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), has garnered attention for its potential dual role as a natural autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. This article provides a comprehensive scientific overview of the mechanisms and evidence behind these health effects, based on peer-reviewed research and established biochemical principles.

Azuki beans have long been valued in traditional East Asian medicine for their nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Modern research now focuses on the bioactive compounds present in azuki bean extract that may contribute to improved cellular function and metabolic regulation. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that these compounds can influence autophagy—a cellular recycling process essential for maintaining homeostasis—and modulate appetite, thereby supporting weight management.

Nutritional Profile and Bioactive Components

Azuki beans are rich in several key nutrients and phytochemicals, including:

Dietary Fiber: Contributing to satiety and digestive health.
Protein: Supporting overall metabolic functions.
Polyphenols and Flavonoids: Potent antioxidants that combat oxidative stress.
Saponins: Compounds known for their potential anti-inflammatory properties.

These constituents work synergistically to support cellular health. The high fiber content helps slow carbohydrate digestion and modulate blood sugar levels, while the antioxidants and polyphenols contribute to cellular protection and metabolic regulation.

Mechanisms of Autophagy Activation

Autophagy is a well-established cellular process responsible for the removal and recycling of damaged cellular components. Dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to various metabolic disorders and age-related diseases. Research indicates that certain phytochemicals in azuki bean extract may favorably influence autophagy through several mechanisms:

AMPK Activation

One of the most well-characterized pathways involves the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK acts as a cellular energy sensor that, when activated, initiates autophagy by:

Enhancing Energy Homeostasis: Stimulating pathways that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in low-energy conditions.
Inhibiting mTOR Signaling: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key negative regulator of autophagy. By inhibiting mTOR, AMPK indirectly promotes the autophagic process.

Studies on polyphenols and flavonoids, which are abundant in azuki bean extract, have demonstrated their ability to activate AMPK in various cell models. This activation is considered a critical step in promoting autophagy, leading to improved cellular repair and maintenance.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are known to impair autophagy. The robust antioxidant profile of azuki bean extract helps mitigate oxidative damage, thereby creating a cellular environment conducive to efficient autophagic activity. By reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the extract supports the proper functioning of the autophagy machinery.

Appetite Suppression Mechanisms

Effective appetite regulation is essential for weight management and metabolic health. Azuki bean extract may contribute to appetite suppression through several scientifically supported mechanisms:

Dietary Fiber and Satiety

Azuki beans are an excellent source of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. Fiber plays a crucial role in appetite regulation by:

Increasing Satiety: High-fiber foods require more chewing and slow down the digestive process, which can prolong the feeling of fullness.
Modulating Hormonal Responses: Fiber consumption is associated with the release of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), both of which are linked to appetite suppression.

The presence of dietary fiber in azuki bean extract can lead to a reduced caloric intake by naturally curbing appetite, thereby assisting in weight control.

Glycemic Control

Stable blood sugar levels are closely related to reduced hunger and cravings. Azuki bean extract’s influence on carbohydrate digestion, largely due to its fiber content, helps maintain consistent blood glucose levels. This steady state can prevent the rapid spikes and falls in blood sugar that often trigger hunger, further contributing to appetite control.

Scientific Evidence from Peer-Reviewed Studies

The scientific community has increasingly explored the biological activities of azuki bean extract. Although human clinical trials remain limited, several in vitro and animal studies provide insight into its mechanisms:

Cell Culture Studies: Research has demonstrated that bioactive compounds in azuki bean extract can activate the AMPK pathway in cultured cells. These studies report an increase in markers associated with autophagy, indicating that the extract’s polyphenols and flavonoids help initiate the cellular recycling process.

Animal Model Studies: In studies involving rodent models, diets supplemented with azuki bean extract have been linked to improvements in metabolic markers. Notably, these studies observed reduced weight gain and improved glycemic control. The appetite-suppressing effects, ascribed in part to the high fiber content, were also evident through behavioral assessments, where treated animals consumed less food compared to controls.

Antioxidant Capacity: Multiple peer-reviewed studies confirm the high antioxidant potential of azuki bean extract. The reduction in oxidative stress is an important factor in enhancing autophagy, as lower levels of cellular damage facilitate the efficient recycling of cellular components.

While these findings are promising, it is important to note that most of the evidence currently available is derived from preclinical research. Further studies, particularly randomized controlled trials in humans, are necessary to definitively confirm these mechanisms and quantify their clinical significance.

Potential Health Benefits

Based on the scientific evidence available, azuki bean extract may offer several health benefits:

Enhanced Cellular Maintenance

By promoting autophagy, azuki bean extract may aid in the removal of dysfunctional cellular components, thereby improving cellular health. This process is crucial for preventing the accumulation of cellular debris that is often associated with aging and metabolic disorders.

Weight Management Support

The dual action of autophagy activation and appetite suppression positions azuki bean extract as a potential adjunct in weight management strategies. The modulation of satiety hormones, along with stabilized blood sugar levels, supports a balanced energy intake and may help prevent overeating.

Metabolic Health

The extract’s ability to influence key metabolic pathways, such as AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition, contributes to improved energy regulation. These effects are particularly relevant in the context of metabolic syndrome and related conditions, where impaired energy homeostasis is a common challenge.

Antioxidant Protection

The high antioxidant content of azuki bean extract aids in protecting cells from oxidative stress. This protective effect not only supports autophagy but also contributes to overall cellular resilience and long-term health maintenance.

Conclusion

Azuki bean extract represents a promising natural intervention with the potential to act as both an autophagy activator and an appetite suppressant. Its rich composition of dietary fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins underpins its multifaceted mechanisms of action. By activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR signaling, the extract facilitates the cellular recycling process, which is essential for maintaining cellular integrity and metabolic balance. Additionally, the high fiber content contributes to satiety and stable blood glucose levels, supporting effective appetite control.

While preclinical studies provide strong support for these mechanisms, further research—especially clinical trials in humans—is necessary to fully establish its efficacy and practical applications. For individuals seeking natural strategies to enhance cellular health and manage appetite, azuki bean extract offers an intriguing option rooted in both traditional use and emerging scientific evidence.

By integrating these insights into a broader understanding of metabolic regulation and cellular maintenance, azuki bean extract may serve as a valuable component of a holistic approach to health and well-being.

Berberine: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role as an Oral Herbal Autophagy Activator and Appetite Suppressant

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid found in plants such as Coptis chinensis and Berberis aristata, has garnered significant scientific interest due to its multifaceted biological activities. Among its most studied effects are its roles in activating autophagy and modulating appetite. This article provides a detailed, evidence-based synopsis of berberine’s mechanisms of action, highlighting its potential as an oral herbal autophagy activator and appetite suppressant, as supported by peer-reviewed scientific research.

In recent years, natural compounds have gained attention for their potential to modulate cellular processes that underpin metabolic health. Berberine is one such compound, widely recognized for its diverse pharmacological properties. Two areas of particular interest are its ability to induce autophagy—a cellular recycling process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis—and its potential to suppress appetite, thereby contributing to weight management and improved metabolic outcomes.

Berberine Overview: Chemical Properties and Sources

Berberine is derived from several traditional medicinal herbs and has been used in various traditional medical systems. Its chemical structure allows it to interact with multiple molecular targets, making it a promising candidate for influencing complex pathways such as autophagy and metabolic regulation. Its longstanding use in herbal medicine is now complemented by modern research, which provides a deeper understanding of its mechanisms at the cellular level.

Mechanisms of Action in Autophagy Activation

One of the primary mechanisms by which berberine activates autophagy is through the stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK serves as a key energy sensor in the cell, responding to changes in the AMP/ATP ratio. When activated by berberine, AMPK initiates a cascade of events that promote catabolic processes and inhibit anabolic ones, effectively shifting the cell toward energy conservation and repair.

AMPK and Cellular Energy Balance: Berberine-induced AMPK activation enhances the breakdown of glucose and fatty acids while simultaneously inhibiting pathways that consume energy, such as protein synthesis. This balance is crucial for triggering autophagy, especially under conditions of cellular stress.

Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Genes: Studies have demonstrated that berberine can increase the expression of genes directly involved in autophagy. This upregulation facilitates the formation of autophagosomes, which are essential for the sequestration and degradation of damaged cellular components.

Inhibition of mTOR Signaling

Another critical pathway modulated by berberine is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. mTOR is a well-known inhibitor of autophagy under nutrient-rich conditions.

mTOR Inhibition: Berberine’s ability to suppress mTOR signaling removes a key inhibitory checkpoint, thereby allowing autophagy to proceed. This dual action—activating AMPK while inhibiting mTOR—creates a cellular environment conducive to the efficient recycling of organelles and proteins.

Synergistic Effects on Autophagy: The simultaneous activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR by berberine provides a robust stimulus for autophagy. This effect has been observed in various in vitro and in vivo studies, where enhanced autophagic activity contributes to improved cellular homeostasis.

Scientific Evidence Supporting Autophagy Activation by Berberine

Multiple peer-reviewed studies support the autophagy-inducing effects of berberine. In various cell culture models, berberine has been shown to trigger autophagic markers, including the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, a widely recognized indicator of autophagosome formation. Animal studies have also confirmed that berberine administration leads to increased autophagic flux, which is associated with improved cellular function and reduced accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles.

Key findings from the research include:

Enhanced Autophagic Flux: Berberine has been observed to significantly increase autophagic flux, suggesting that it not only initiates autophagy but also supports the complete degradation process.
Protection Against Cellular Stress: By promoting the removal of damaged cellular components, berberine-induced autophagy helps protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation—factors implicated in various chronic diseases.
Potential Anti-Aging Benefits: Given that autophagy plays a role in delaying cellular aging, berberine’s capacity to enhance this process may contribute to its overall health-promoting effects.

Mechanisms of Action in Appetite Suppression

Berberine’s influence on appetite regulation appears to be intricately linked to its effects on metabolic processes and hormone modulation. Although appetite suppression is a complex phenomenon involving numerous signaling molecules and pathways, berberine has been shown to exert several actions that may contribute to reduced food intake.

Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity: One of the most well-documented effects of berberine is its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity. Improved insulin sensitivity helps stabilize blood glucose levels, which in turn can prevent the rapid fluctuations that often trigger hunger.

Modulation of Gut Hormones: Emerging research suggests that berberine may influence the secretion of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which are known to promote satiety. The modulation of these hormones can help in curbing excessive appetite, thereby contributing to weight management.

Effects on Adipokines: Berberine has also been associated with alterations in adipokine profiles. By influencing hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, berberine may improve the regulation of energy balance, further supporting appetite suppression.

Additional Metabolic and Health Benefits of Berberine

Beyond autophagy activation and appetite suppression, berberine has demonstrated several other health-promoting effects that are supported by scientific research. These include:

Glucose Metabolism: Berberine is widely studied for its antidiabetic properties. By enhancing insulin receptor expression and activating AMPK, berberine improves glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, leading to better glycemic control.

Cardiovascular Health: Berberine has been shown to positively affect lipid profiles by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. These effects contribute to improved cardiovascular health.
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects: The compound’s ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress further enhances its therapeutic potential, particularly in chronic conditions characterized by inflammation.

Conclusion

Berberine stands out as a promising natural compound with significant potential as an oral herbal autophagy activator and appetite suppressant. The scientific evidence highlights that its primary mechanisms involve the activation of AMPK and the inhibition of mTOR signaling—pathways that are central to autophagy induction. Additionally, berberine’s effects on insulin sensitivity, gut hormone modulation, and adipokine regulation contribute to its appetite-suppressing properties.

These multifaceted actions not only support cellular cleanup and metabolic health but also offer promising avenues for managing conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. As research continues to evolve, berberine remains a compound of high interest, with its established benefits underscoring the potential of harnessing natural products for comprehensive health management.

The robust body of peer-reviewed studies confirms that berberine has a definitive role in modulating key metabolic pathways, making it a valuable addition to the natural health toolkit. Individuals seeking to improve metabolic function and support cellular health may find berberine to be a scientifically backed option, provided it is used as part of an overall healthy lifestyle and in consultation with healthcare professionals.

1. Abstract 10893: Dietary Nitrate Supplementation With Beetroot Juice Enhances Cardiac autophagy Markers AMBRA-1 (Activating Molecule in Beclin-1-regulated autophagy) and ATG-5 (autophagy-related Gene 5): Protective Role Against Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity
2. Betanin‐Enriched Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death in MCF‐7 Cells
3. POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF BEETROOT IN THERAPY OF obesity
4. Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat
5. Betanin, isolated from fruits of Opuntia elatior Mill attenuates renal fibrosis in diabetic rats through regulating oxidative stress and TGF-β pathway
6. Betanin ameliorates isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction through iNOS, inflammation, oxidative stress-myeloperoxidase/low-density lipoprotein in rat
7. Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces oxidative stress in Wistar Rats
8. Protective Effects of Betanin against oxidative stress in a Peripheral Artery Vasospasm Model in Rat

1. Bitter melon extract inhibits breast cancer growth in preclinical model by inducing autophagic cell death
2. Methanolic Extracts of Bitter Melon Inhibit Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Affecting Energy Homeostasis and autophagy
3. Bitter melon juice targets molecular mechanisms underlying gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells
4. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer
5. Cucurbitane Triterpenoid from Momordica charantia Induces Apoptosis and autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells, in Part, through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation
6. Altered White Adipose Tissue Protein Profile in C57BL/6J Mice Displaying Delipidative, Inflammatory, and Browning Characteristics after Bitter Melon Seed Oil Treatment
7. Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Bitter Melon Seed Oil-Corrected Lipid Disorders and Conversion of α-Eleostearic Acid into Rumenic Acid in C57BL/6J Mice
8. BG-4, a novel anticancer peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), promotes apoptosis in human colon cancer cells
9. Bitter Melon as a Therapy for Diabetes, inflammation, and Cancer: a Panacea?
10. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) as a rich source of bioactive components to combat cancer naturally: Are we on the right track to fully unlock its potential as inhibitor of deregulated signaling pathways
11. Bitter Melon Powder Protects against obesity-associatedFatty Liver Disease by Improving Colonic Microenvironment in Rats with High-fat Diet-induced obesity
12. Increased lipolysis in primary human adipocytes, with a concomitant reduction in PPARγ, SREBP-1c, perilipin, and resistin genes expression. These studies are critical as they lay the foundation to identify molecular targets and anti-obesity effects of bitter melon
13. Beneficial Role of Bitter Melon Supplementation in obesity and Related Complications in Metabolic Syndrome
14. Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Reduces obesity-Associated Macrophage and Mast Cell Infiltration as well as Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Adipose Tissues
15. Bitter Melon Powder Protects against obesity-associatedFatty Liver Disease by Improving Colonic Microenvironment in Rats with High-fat Diet-induced obesity
16. Anti-obesity effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia).
17. Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disturbance through Reducing obesity-associated inflammation in Mice
18. The Mechanism of Bitter Melon Power Preventing obesity-related inflammation
19. Response of gut microbiota and inflammatory status to bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) in high fat diet induced obese rats
20. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Reduces Adiposity, Lowers Serum Insulin and Normalizes Glucose Tolerance in Rats Fed a High Fat Diet
21. Bitter melon seed oil may reduce the adiposity through the hypothalamus mtor signaling in mice fed a high fat diet
22. Strawberry, loquat, mulberry, and bitter melon juices exhibit prophylactic effects on LPS-induced inflammation using murine peritoneal macrophages
23. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer
24. Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation
25. Inhibitory effects of wild bitter melon leaf extract on Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation in mice and cytokine production in vitro
26. Bitter Melon as a Therapy for Diabetes, inflammation, and Cancer: a Panacea?
27. Wild Bitter Melon Leaf Extract Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced inflammation: Identification of Active Compounds through Bioassay-Guided Isolation
28. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) attenuates atherosclerosis in apo-E knock-out mice possibly through reducing triglyceride and anti-inflammation
29. Bitter Melon Improves Glycemic Control and inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Obese and Diabetic Rats
30. Organ inflammation and oxidative damages in fructose-fed adult offspring born of fructose-fed dams: modulation by maternal bitter melon supplementation (1033.6)
31. Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Adipose inflammation by Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice
32. Supplementation of Bitter Melon to Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet During Gestation and Lactation Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Dyslipidemia and Hepatic oxidative stress in Male Offspring
33. Supplementation of Bitter Melon to Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet During Gestation and Lactation Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Dyslipidemia and Hepatic oxidative stress in Male Offspring
34. The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates oxidative stress
35. Testicular oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with bitter melon (<i>Momordica charantia</i>): the effect of antioxidant supplementation
36. Fresh Bitter Melon Fruit (Momordica charantia) Attenuated oxidative stress, Fibrosis and Renal Injury in Carbon Tetrachloride Treated Rats
37. Maternal bitter melon supplementation reduces the risk for metabolic defects later in life: effects on lipidhandling, oxidative stress and inflammation in offspring born to damsfed a high fructose diet
38. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Protects from oxidative stress-Induced Premature Senescence in WI-38 Human Lung Fibroblast Cell
39. The Effect of Bitter Melon Extract (Momordica charantia)in Inhibition of NFkB Activation in leptin treated HUVECS

1. The Effect of Brunfelsia grandiflora Ethanol Extract on the Induction of autophagy in Human Lung Fibroblasts
2. Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis by Ethanolic Extract of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don in Human Colorectal Cancer HT-29 cells

1. A standardized extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flowers suppresses the IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6 and matrix-metalloproteases by activating autophagy in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes
2. Indian medicinal plant butea monosperma flower extract and its bioactive constituent butein activates autophagy in human oa chondrocytes under pathological conditions
3. BUTEA MONOSPERMA STEM BARK EXTRACT PARTIALLY REVERSES HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN RATS
4. BST106 protects against cartilage damage by inhibition of apoptosis and enhancement of autophagy in osteoarthritic rats
5. Butein Activates autophagy Through AMPK/TSC2/ULK1/mtor Pathway to Inhibit IL-6 Expression in IL-1β Stimulated Human Chondrocytes
6. Knockdown of SGK1 alleviates the IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic imbalance by activating FoxO1‐mediated autophagy in human chondrocytes
7. Deregulation of PI3K/Akt/mtor Signaling Pathways by Isoflavones and its Implication in Cancer Treatment
8. Anti-obese activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark extract in experimentally induced obese rats
9. Evaluation of n-butanolic fractions of butea monosperma flowers on dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in mice
10. (Butea monosperma) Butea has antifungal, antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, anticonvulsive, anti esterogenic, anti fertility, anti … anticonvulsant, sedative, muscle relaxant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, hepato protective, antimicrobial, antiulcer and lipolytic
11. The plant is known for antioxidant,[5] anti-obesity,[6] anticancer, and chemoprotective[7 … free radical scavenging, anti-oxidative and proapoptotic properties in the flower extracts of Butea monosperma
12. Anti-obese activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark extract in experimentally induced obese rats
13. Butea monosperma and Syzygium cumini are used to treat kidney-stones problem and Trigonella foenum-graceum is used as anti-obesity
14. Anti-obese activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark extract in experimentally induced obese rats
15. Proanthocyanidins (CLPr) reduced blood glucose levels in obese diabetic mice … and antioxidant attributes of ethanolic extracts of Butea monosperma
16. Protective effect of a Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. flowers extract against skin inflammation: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activities
17. Effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts on cyclophosphamide induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in mice

1. Acetonic Extract of Buxus sempervirens Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells
2. Investigation of the laxative, spasmolytic and prokinetic properties of aqueous methanol extract of Buxus sempervirens Linn (Buxaceae)
3. Buxus sempervirens L. Improves Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats … to insulin resistance, since the same effect on HDL catabolism is observed also in obese
4. Reversal of obesity by targeted … Kupchan and coworkers isolated the first B-ring homosteroid, buxenine G, from Buxus sempervirens and elucidated its structure in 1966

1. Carnosic acid protects starvation-induced SH-SY5Y cell death through Erk1/2 and Akt pathways, autophagy, and FoxO3a
2. Carnosic Acid Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells by Inducing autophagy Through an Enhanced Interaction of Parkin and Beclin1
3. Carnosic Acid Prevents Beta-Amyloid-Induced Injury in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells via the Induction of autophagy
4. Carnosic acid potentiates the anticancer effect of temozolomide by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in glioma
5. The protective role of carnosic acid in ischemic/reperfusion injury through regulation of autophagy under T2DM
6. Carvedilol (CAR) combined with carnosic acid (CAA) attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy
7. Carnosic acid induces autophagic cell death through inhibition of the Akt/mtor pathway in human hepatoma cells
8. Cooperative antitumor activities of carnosic acid and Trastuzumab in ERBB2+ breast cancer cells
9. Relevance of carnosic acid to the treatment of several health disorders: Molecular targets and mechanisms
10. Rosmarinic acid potentiates carnosic acid induced apoptosis in lung fibroblasts
11. Carnosic acid slows photoreceptor degeneration in the Pde6brd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
12. Compounds with potential health benefits but poorly absorbed, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and carnosic acid (CA), have been added to the nanoemulsions before lipolysis
13. Carnosic acid prevents obesity and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice
14. Carnosic Acid as a Major Bioactive Component in Rosemary Extract Ameliorates High-Fat-Diet-Induced obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice
15. Carnosic acid attenuates obesity‐induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation by modulating genes of lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J‐ob/ob mice
16. Rosemary extract enriched in carnosic acid shows anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects on in vitro and in vivo models
17. Abstract: P1422 CARNOSIC ACID & URSOLIC ACID (ORIGANUM MAJORANA L.) PREVENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS CAUSED BY obesity: SUPPRESSION OF leptin-INDUCED PROLIFERATION IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
18. Prevention of 4-hydroxynonenal-induced lipolytic activation by carnosic acid is related to the induction of glutathione S-transferase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
19. Carnosic acid induces autophagic cell death through inhibition of the Akt/mtor pathway in human hepatoma cells
20. The mechanisms of carnosic acid attenuates tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
21. Upregulation of Akt/NF-κB-regulated inflammation and Akt/Bad-related apoptosis signaling pathway involved in hepatic carcinoma process: suppression by carnosic acid nanoparticle
22. Carnosic acid (CA) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in db/db mice via inflammation suppression by regulating ROS-dependent p38 pathway
23. Protective effect of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid against streptozotocin-induced oxidation, glycation, inflammation and microbiota imbalance in diabetic rats
24. Carnosic acid inhibits inflammation response and joint destruction on osteoclasts, fibroblast‐like synoviocytes, and collagen‐induced arthritis rats
25. Carnosic acid alleviates brain injury through NF‑κB‑regulated inflammation and Caspase‑3‑associated apoptosis in high fat‑induced mouse models
26. Effects of supercritical fluid extract of rosemary leaf and carnosic acid in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
27. Activated Glutathione Metabolism Participates in Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid against oxidative stress in Neuronal
28. oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A in LLC-PK1 cell line and the chemoprotective effects of carnosic acid
29. Carnosic Acid, a Natural Diterpene, Attenuates Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Reducing oxidative stress, MAPK Activation, and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathway
30. Study of Carnosic acid, Genistein, Quercetin , Taurine, and Melatonin Modulation of AP-1 Gene Regulation in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Under oxidative stress
31. Carnosic acid slows photoreceptor degeneration in Pde6rd10 mice bycontrolling oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress
32. Abstract: P1422 CARNOSIC ACID & URSOLIC ACID (ORIGANUM MAJORANA L.) PREVENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS CAUSED BY OBESITY: SUPPRESSION OF leptin-INDUCED PROLIFERATION IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

1. Carnosol-Induced ROS Inhibits Cell Viability of Human Osteosarcoma by Apoptosis and autophagy
2. Carnosol Induces ROS-Mediated Beclin1-Independent autophagy and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
3. P0174 Anti-metastatic and anti-tumour growth effects of carnosol on breast cancer through autophagy and apoptosis
4. Mechanistic insight into carnosol-mediated pharmacological effects: Recent trends and advancements
5. Anti-Carcinogenic Effects of Carnosol-An Updated Review
6. Carnosol, a Natural Polyphenol, Inhibits Migration, Metastasis, and Tumor Growth of Breast Cancer via a ROS-Dependent Proteasome Degradation of STAT3
7. Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Tumor growth effects ofcarnosol on breast cancer
8. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Induced Apoptosis through EP4 Signaling in Human Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells
9. Phytochemicals, withaferin A and carnosol, overcome pancreatic cancer stem cells as c-Met inhibitors
10. The Dietary Components Carnosic Acid and Carnosol as Neuroprotective Agents: a Mechanistic View
11. Protective effects of carnosol against oxidative stress induced brain damage by chronic stress in rats
12. CARNOSOL ALLEVIATES inflammation AND BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION IN A RAT MODEL OF INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY

1. Green Tea Catechin Prevents Hypoxia/Reperfusion-Evoked oxidative stress-Regulated autophagy-Activated Apoptosis and Cell Death in Microglial Cells
2. Achievable Central Nervous System Concentrations of the Green Tea Catechin EGCG Induce Stress in Glioblastoma Cells in Vitro
3. Green tea extract induces protective autophagy in A549 non-small lung cancer cell line
4. Effects of green tea catechin- induced lipolysis on cytosol glycerol content in differenti- ated 3T3-L1 cells
5. Furthermore, procyanidins (oligomers of catechins) exhibited lipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, although the monomers had no effect upon lipolysis
6. Dietary catechin and Spirulina elevated ascorbate levels, increased carnitine synthesis and consequently promoted lipolysis activity in red sea bream
7. Modulation of obesity by a green tea catechin
8. A Catechin‐rich Beverage Improves obesity and Blood Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
9. Reduction of diet-induced obesity by a combination of tea-catechin intake and regular swimming
10. Beneficial Effects of Tea and the Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
11. Catechin-Rich Grape Seed Extract Supplementation Attenuates Diet-Induced obesity in C57BL/6J Mice
12. Effects of green tea catechin‐induced lipolysis on cytosol glycerol content in differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells
13. Green tea catechins enhance norepinephrine-induced lipolysis via a protein kinase A-dependent pathway in adipocytes
14. Pro-apoptotic effect of Epigallo-catechin-3-gallate on B lymphocytes through regulating BAFF/PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling in rats with collagen-induced arthritis
15. Catechin and quercetin attenuate adipose inflammation in fructose‐fed rats and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
16. Different effects of catechin on angiogenesis and inflammation depending on VEGF levels
17. Modulatory effects of catechin hydrate against genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis induced by benzo(a)pyrene in mice
18. Protective Effects of Catechin against Monosodium Urate-Induced inflammation through the Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
19. Catechin Attenuates Coronary Heart Disease in a Rat Model by Inhibiting inflammation
20. Against NF-κB/thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling pathway, catechin alleviates the inflammation in allergic rhinitis
21. Catechin modulates inflammation in TNBS induced colitis. (P6238)
22. Modulation effect of catechin in angiogenesis and inflammation
23. Catechin remits the inflammation in allergic asthma mice by suppressing NF-κB-TSLP signal pathway
24. Catechin protects against oxidative stress and inflammatory-mediated cardiotoxicity in adriamycin-treated rats
25. Protective effect of quercetin, EGCG, catechin and betaine against oxidative stress induced by ethanol in vitro
26. The role of the mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cytotoxic effects of the green tea catechin, (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, in oral cells
27. Effect of the Intake of Resveratrol, Resveratrol Phosphate, and Catechin-Rich Grape Seed Extract on Markers of oxidative stress and Gene Expression in Adult Obese Subjects
28. (+)-Catechin protects dermal fibroblasts against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
29. (+)-Catechin, an Ingredient of Green Tea, Protects Murine Microglia From oxidative stress-Induced DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest
30. Effect of Catechin on Blood leptin Level in C57BL/6 Mice Fed High-fat Diet
31. Effect of Catechin on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Mature Adipocytes in leptin Metabolic Pathway

1. Celastrol-Induced Nur77 Interaction with TRAF2 Alleviates inflammation by Promoting Mitochondrial Ubiquitination and autophagy
2. Celastrol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells: an in vitro and in vivo study
3. autophagy induction by celastrol augments protection against bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Role of adaptor protein p62/ SQSTM1
4. Celastrol Induces autophagy by Targeting AR/miR-101 in Prostate Cancer Cells
5. Downregulation of miR-17-92a cluster promotes autophagy induction in response to celastrol treatment in prostate cancer cells
6. Celastrol ameliorates experimental colitis in IL-10 deficient mice via the up-regulation of autophagy
7. Abstract 455: Enhanced autophagy by Celastrol Supplementation Profoundly Increases Angiotensin II-induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Male and Female Mice
8. Celastrol alleviates angiotensin II‑mediated vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via induction of autophagy
9. Celastrol mediates autophagy and apoptosis via the ROS/JNK and Akt/mtor signaling pathways in glioma cells
10. Celastrol protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis through sirtuin 3 signal pathway
11. Paraptosis accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis was induced by celastrol, a natural compound with influence on proteasome, ER stress and Hsp90
12. Celastrol inhibits gastric cancer growth by induction of apoptosis and autophagy
13. Celastrol protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced injury through induction of autophagy
14. Celastrol-Induced Nur77 Interaction with TRAF2 Alleviates inflammation by Promoting Mitochondrial Ubiquitination and autophagy
15. Inhibition of autophagy Strengthens Celastrol-Induced Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo Models
16. autophagy induction by celastrol augments protection against bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Role of adaptor protein p62/ SQSTM1
17. Celastrol alleviates angiotensin II‑mediated vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via induction of autophagy
18. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent influx into mitochondria trigger celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells
19. Autophagic degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer by celastrol
20. Celastrol targets proteostasis and acts synergistically with a heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor to kill human glioblastoma cells
21. Celastrol Stimulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Activity in Tumor Cells by Initiating the ROS/Akt/p70S6K Signaling Pathway and Enhancing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Protein Synthesis
22. Molecular targets of celastrol in cancer: Recent trends and advancements
23. Celastrol ameliorates inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
24. Celastrol induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting ER-stress/UPR
25. autophagy flux inhibition mediated by celastrol sensitized lung cancer cells to TRAIL‑induced apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species
26. Celastrol and Its Role in Controlling Chronic Diseases
27. Application of white adipose tissue browning irritant to preparation of obesity resisting medicine use of tripterine (celastrol) which is capable of promoting lipolysis, inhibiting fat synthesis,
28. Cascade regulation of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα signaling pathways by celastrol impairs adipocyte differentiation and stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
29. Treatment of obesity with Celastrol
30. Celastrol Protects against obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction through Activation of a HSF1-PGC1α Transcriptional Axis
31. Celastrol suppresses obesity process via increasing antioxidant capacity and improving lipid metabolism
32. Celastrol identified as a leptin sensitizer and potential novel treatment for obesity
33. The leptin sensitizer celastrol reduces age‐associated obesity and modulates behavioral rhythms
34. Celastrol prevents cadmium‐induced neuronal cell death via targeting JNK and PTEN‐Akt/mtor network
35. Celastrol inhibits the HIF-1α pathway by inhibition of mtor/p70S6K/eIF4E and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human hepatoma cells
36. Celastrol induces cell cycle arrest by MicroRNA-21-mtor-mediated inhibition p27 protein degradation in gastric cancer
37. Celastrol Attenuates Cadmium‐Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting Ca2+‐CaMKII‐Dependent Akt/mtor Pathway
38. Celastrol Modulates Lipid Synthesis via PI3K/Akt/mtor Signaling Axis to finalize Cell Death Response in Prostate Cancer Cells
39. miR-33a-5p enhances the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to celastrol by regulating mtor signaling
40. Celastrol induces ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mtor in breast cancer cells
41. Celastrol prevents cadmium-induced neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial ROS inactivation of AMPK and activation of mtor pathway
42. Celastrol Prevents Atherosclerosis via Inhibiting LOX-1 and oxidative stress
43. Anticancer effect of celastrol on human triple negative breast cancer: Possible involvement of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt pathways
44. Celastrol ameliorates murine colitis via modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and intestinal homeostasis
45. Celastrol attenuates oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats by regulating the AMPK-PGC1α-SIRT3 signaling pathway
46. Celastrol reduces IL-1β induced matrix catabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in human nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates rat intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo
47. Celastrol, a Chinese herbal compound, controls autoimmune inflammation by altering the balance of pathogenic and regulatory T cells in the target organ
48. Celastrol ameliorates inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
49. Celastrol aggravates LPS-induced inflammation and injuries of liver and kidney in mice
50. Inhibition of inflammation with celastrol fails to improve muscle function in dysferlin-deficient A/J mice
51. Celastrol inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in orbital fibroblasts through the suppression of NF-κB activity
52. Celastrol modulates inflammation through inhibition of the catalytic activity of mediators of arachidonic acid pathway: Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA, 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2
53. Targeting Mast Cells and Basophils with Anti-FcεRIα Fab-Conjugated Celastrol-Loaded Micelles Suppresses Allergic inflammation
54. Celastrol attenuates incision-induced inflammation and pain associated with inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway via SARM
55. inflammation-Targeted Delivery of Celastrol via Neutrophil Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles in the Management of Acute Pancreatitis
56. Celastrol Alleviates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Inhibiting Cellular inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke via the Ednrb/Kng1 Signaling Pathway
57. Celastrol identified as a leptin sensitizer and potential novel treatment for obesity
58. The leptin sensitizer celastrol reduces age‐associated obesity and modulates behavioral rhythms
59. SUN-096 Hypothalamic ATP Has a Crucial Role in the Pathogenesis of leptin Resistance: A Potential Mechanism for the Amelioration of leptin Resistance by Celastrol and Withaferin A
60. leptin sensitizer celastrol, glial calcineurin and hypothalamic glutathione peroxidase 7 – novel entities in weight control and glucose homeostasis

1. Paraptosis accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis was induced by celastrol, a natural compound with influence on proteasome, ER stress and Hsp90
2. Celastrol protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced injury through induction of autophagy
3. Inhibition of Autophagy Strengthens Celastrol-Induced Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo Models
4. Autophagic degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer by celastrol
5. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent influx into mitochondria trigger celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells
6. Celastrol targets proteostasis and acts synergistically with a heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor to kill human glioblastoma cells
7. Celastrol Stimulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Activity in Tumor Cells by Initiating the ROS/Akt/p70S6K Signaling Pathway and Enhancing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Protein Synthesis
8. Autophagy flux inhibition mediated by celastrol sensitized lung cancer cells to TRAIL‑induced apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species
9. Celastrol from ‘Thunder God Vine’ Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Through the Preservation of Mitochondrial Function and Inhibition of p38 MAPK in a Rotenone Model of Parkinson’s Disease
10. celastrol administration and leptin, in obese mice with genetically disrupted leptin signalling
11. Natural product celastrol suppressed macrophage M1 polarization against inflammation in diet-induced obese mice via regulating Nrf2/HO-1, MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways
12. celastrol has been demonstrated to show effects that control obesity in several mice models
13. celastrol in inflammatory diseases, namely, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis and allergy, as well as in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases, such as diabetes, obesity
14. celastrol on leptin resistance, and further studies are needed to clarify whether celastrol can be used in humans to combat obesity
15. Celastrol was recently identified as a potential novel treatment for obesity
16. celastrol inhibits high fat diet-induced obesity
17. Celastrol suppresses obesity process via increasing antioxidant capacity
18. use of tripterine (celastrol) which is capable of promoting lipolysis
19. Celastrol increased adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2

1. Celastrus orbiculatus extract triggers apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mtor inhibition in human colorectal cancer cells
2. A New Sesquiterpene Ester from Celastrus orbiculatus Reversing Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells
3. Cytotoxic constituents from Celastrus paniculatus induce apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells
4. Antiinflammatory Constituents of Celastrus orbiculatus Inhibit the NF-κB Activation and NO Production
5. Interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer
6. Celastrus Orbiculatus Extract Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Gastric Cancer by Inhibiting Prohibitin and c-Raf/ERK Signaling Pathway
7. Celastrus orbiculatus extracts induce apoptosis in mtor-overexpressed human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
8. Celastrus orbiculatus Extracts Inhibit Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Targeting mtor Signaling Pathways
9. lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes in rats fed with methanolic seed extract (50%) of Celastrus paniculatus
10. Celastrus orbiculatus extracts induce apoptosis in mtor-overexpressed human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
11. Celastrus Orbiculatus Extracts Inhibit the Metastasis through Attenuating PI3K/Akt/mtor Signaling Pathway in Human Gastric Cance.
12. Celastrus orbiculatus Extracts Inhibit Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Targeting mtor Signaling Pathways
13. Celastrus orbiculatus extracts induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human esophageal squamous carcinoma ECA-109 cells in vitro via the PI3K/AKT/mtor signaling pathway
14. Effects of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.Extract on the Overexpression of mtor in Human HepG2 Cells

1. Cepharanthine Induces autophagy, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells
2. Cepharanthine hydrochloride degrades polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor proteins through an autophagy pathway in neuron cells
3. Identification of a novel autophagic inhibitor cepharanthine to enhance the anti-cancer property of dacomitinib in non-small cell lung cancer
4. cepharanthine (1.5mM), tetrandrine (1.5mM) or isotetrandrine (1.5mM), shifted the insulin-re- sponse curve of isoproterenol-induced lipolysis
5. alkaloids such as liensinine, isoliensinine, dauricine and cepharanthine induced AMPK … Autophagy is hence correlated to the degree of obesity,
6. Tetrandrine and cepharanthine induce apoptosis through caspase cascade regulation, cell cycle arrest, MAPK activation and PI3K/Akt/mtor signal modification in glucocorticoid resistant human leukemia Jurkat T cells
7. Biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine protects DNA in TK6 lymphoblastoid cells from constitutive oxidative damage
8. Cepharanthine Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects Via NF-κB Inhibition in a LPS-Induced Rat Model of Systemic inflammation
9. Inhibitory effect of cepharanthine and its related compounds on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and inhibition of tumor promotion by cepharanthine in two-stage carcinogenesis in mice
10. Cepharanthine exerts anti-inflammatory effects via NF-κB inhibition in a LPS-induced rat model of systemic inflammation
11. Cepharanthine prevents atherosclerosis by attenuation of vascular inflammation and Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell proliferation and migration

1. Effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder-Contained Serum on Glutamate-Induced autophagy of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Rat Gastric Antrum
2. High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination and Optimization of the Extraction Process for the Total Alkaloids from Traditional Herb Stephania cepharantha Hayata
3. Cepharanthine Induces autophagy, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells
4. Cepharanthine hydrochloride degrades polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor proteins through an autophagy pathway in neuron cells
5. Radix Bupleuri is the saikosaponin a (SSNa) … that SSNa is a novel therapeutic agent against that can be used against obesity‑associated inflammation
6. Vinegar-Baked Radix Bupleuri Regulates Lipid Disorders via a Pathway Dependent on Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor-in High-Fat-Diet-Induced obese Rats
7. Radix Bupleuri regulates lipid disorders via a pathway dependent on peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats
8. Radix Bupleuri (thorowax root … resistance is shared by several disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity,
9. Radix Bupleuri, fresh ginger … In the clinical trial, fluoxetine was reported to improve insulin-mediated glucose disposal in obese patients,
10. Radix Bupleuri extracts (RBE) on growth, lipid deposition and metabolism and … than in those fed RBE0 diets, while dietary supplementation with 200–800 mg/kg RBE diets up-regulated lipolysis-related genes

1. Neuroprotective Effect of Chebulagic Acid via autophagy Induction in SH-SY5Y Cells
2. Recent advances in autophagy-based neuroprotection
3. Preventive effect of Terminalia bellirica on obesity and metabolic disorders in spontaneously obese type 2 diabetic model mice
4. Chebulagic acid (CA), the major constituent of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, is a benzopyran tannin com pound with various kinds of … Enhanced susceptibility to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity in high-fat diet induced obesity
5. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of chebulagic acid from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz … Preventive effect of Terminalia bellirica on obesity
6. Chebulagic acid, ellagic and … Prevention effect of Terminalia bellirica on obesity
7. These results clearly indicate that chebulagic acid can be used as an auxiliary in the treatment of obese associated comorbidities and in the control of type 2 diabetes.
8. chebulagic Acid in HT22 and SH-SY5Y Cells … in inflammation and related diseases ㆍHepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism in obese and diabetic
9. chebulagic acid increased the ACTH—induced lipolysis in fat
10. Chebulagic acid (CA) attenuates LPS-induced inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages
11. Chebulagic acid reduces inflammation and regulates enteric glial cells in mouse models of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

1. Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulates cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy.
2. Puerariae Lobatae Radix with chuanxiong Rhizoma for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke by remodeling gut microbiota to regulate the brain–gut barriers
3. Antioxidative Activity of the Extract from Rhizoma Chuanxiong in Vitro

1. This study demonstrates the hepatic protective effect of Cichorium intybus L. and active compounds in Cichorium intybus L. The active compounds ameliorate liver injury by acting on Akt-1 and caspase-1, which are related to apoptosis or autophagy.
2. Treatment with EAEC-PDT reduced xenograft tumor size. Further evaluation suggested that activation of the PERK pathway mediates these effects, as the apoptotic rate and autophagy flux increased markedly after EAEC-PDT. EAEC, a natural photosensitizer extracted from Cichorium, displays potential utility in PDT of CRC by targeting the PERK pathway.
3. (Cichorium intybus) and nettle … may be considered as the net result of the balance among dietary absorbed fat, fat synthesis (lipogenesis) and fat catabolism via β-oxidation (lipolysis)
4. Cichorium intybus group (CI … So, if the fat intake and excreted is equal, decreased body fat accumulation could be due to lipolysis or decreased fatty
5. (Cichorium intybus L.) is a medicinal and edible herb that belongs to the Compositae Cichorium family … Polysaccharides promote TG lipolysis
6. Cichorium intybus L. (chicory … 9]. This effect may be due to a decrease in the activity of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes or decreasing the rate of lipolysis
7. Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats
8. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Root Extract Regulates the Oxidative Status and Antioxidant Gene Transcripts in CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity
9. Effects of Cichorium Intybus Linn on Blood Glucose, Lipid Constituents and Selected oxidative stress Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
10. Prevention of oxidative stress-Induced Apoptosis of C2C12 Myoblasts by a Cichorium intybus Root Extract
11. Phenolic compounds, oxidative enzymes and their relationship with discoloration in endive (Cichorium intybus L.).
12. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Root Extract Regulates the Oxidative Status and Antioxidant Gene Transcripts in CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity
13. P-302 – Cichorium intybus attenuates streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats
14. Mechanistic evaluation of AMPK/SIRT1/FXR signaling axis, inflammation, and redox status in thioacetamide‐induced liver cirrhosis: The role of Cichorium intybus linn (chicory)‐supplemented diet

1. Synthesis, activity and molecular target identification of clionamine B analogues : autophagy stimulating
2. Synthesis of Clionamine B, an autophagy Stimulating Aminosteroid Isolated from the Sponge Cliona celata
3. Highly Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Clionamine D
4. Clionamine B, an Autophagy Stimulating Aminosteroid Isolated
   from the Sponge Cliona celata. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B … GP-BAR1 is a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of steatohepatitis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity

1. Convallatoxin, a Dual Inducer of Autophagy and Apoptosis, Inhibits Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo
2. Inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration by the cardenolides digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside and convallatoxin in human lung cancer cell line
3. Cytotoxic effects of the cardenolide convallatoxin and its Na,K-ATPase regulation
4. Antitumor effects of naturally occurring cardiac glycosides convallatoxin and peruvoside on human ER+ and triple-negative breast cancers
5. Molecular mechanisms of anti-oxidant and anti-aging effects induced by convallatoxin in Caenorhabditis elegans
6. Plant-derived cardiac glycosides: Role in heart ailments and cancer management
7. obesity and Cardiovascular Disease … CMV protein synthesis has also been shown to decrease in cells treated with the cardiac glycoside convallatoxin

1. Cordycepin activates autophagy through AMPK phosphorylation to reduce abnormalities in Machado–Joseph disease models
2. Cordycepin induces autophagy-mediated c-FLIPL degradation and leads to apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells
3. Cordycepin induces apoptotic cell death of human brain cancer through the modulation of autophagy
4. Cordycepin stimulates autophagy in macrophages and prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice
5. Cordycepin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and BE(2)-M17 cells
6. Cordycepin alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation by inducing protective autophagy via PKA/mtor pathway
7. [Effect of cordycepin on apoptosis and autophagy of tongue cancer cells in vitro and the molecular mechanism].
8. AMPK has therefore been proposed as a major
   therapeu- tic target for obesity and obesity-linked metabolic disor- ders such as hyperlipidemia (7). Cordycepin, also known as 3′-deoxyadenosine,
9. Cordycepin, by blocking both adipogenesis
   and lipid accumulation, may have potential as a therapeutic agent for effective treatment of obesity and obesity‐related disorders.
10. Cordycepin regulates body weight by inhibiting lipid droplet formation, promoting lipolysis and recruiting beige adipocytes
11. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of the anti-obesity effect of cordycepin.
12. Lipolytic effect of novel extracts from mulberry (Morus alba) leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris in the primary adipocytes derived from SD rats
13. Drug effects on the fine structure of Trypanosoma rhodesiense: Puromycin and its aminonucleoside, Cordycepin and Nucleocidin
14. Cordycepin, by blocking both adipogenesis
    and lipid accumulation, may have potential as a therapeutic agent for effective treatment of obesity and obesity‐related disorders.
15. Cordycepin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by the suppression of NF-κB through Akt and p38 inhibition in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
16. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) Down-Regulates the Proinflammatory Cytokines in inflammation-Induced Osteoporosis Model
17. Cordycepin ameliorates skin inflammation in a DNFB-challenged murine model of atopic dermatitis
18. the polyadenylation inhibitor cordycepin reduces pain, inflammation and joint pathology in rodent models of osteoarthritis
19. The cordycepin derivative IMM-H007 improves endothelial dysfunction by suppressing vascular inflammation and promoting AMPK-dependent eNOS activation in high-fat diet-fed ApoE knockout mice
20. Cordycepin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
21. Effect of Manganese oxidative stress on Contents of Cordycepin and Adenosine in Mycelia of Cordyceps militaris
22. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) attenuates age-related oxidative stress and ameliorates antioxidant capacity in rats
23. Cordycepin prevents oxidative stress-induced inhibition of osteogenesis
24. Cordycepin inhibits LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress
25. Protective effects of cordycepin on the histopathological changes and oxidative stress induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in rats

1. Corynoxine B ameliorates HMGB1-dependent autophagy dysfunction during manganese exposure in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
2. B1 is involved in autophagy inhibition caused by SNCA/a-synuclein overexpression: a process modulated by the natural autophagy inducer corynoxine B.
3. HMGB1 is involved in autophagy inhibition caused by SNCA/α-synuclein overexpression
4. Corynoxine, a Natural autophagy Enhancer, Promotes the Clearance of Alpha-Synuclein via Akt/mtor Pathway
5. Corynoxine isomers decrease levels of amyloid-β peptide and amyloid-β precursor protein by promoting autophagy and lysosome biogenesis

1. autophagy flux modulation by a carotenoid-enriched extract from the pumpkin Cucurbita moschata on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line
2. A water-soluble extract from Cucurbita moschata shows anti-obesity effects by controlling lipid metabolism in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model
3. Corrigendum to “A water-soluble extract from Cucurbita moschata shows anti-obesity effects by controlling lipid metabolism in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model”
4. Cucurbita maxima fruit …the C. pepo esterases may have a considerable potential in the lipolysis
5. (Cucurbita pepo L.) var … They were identified by co migration of commercial standards. The triacylglycerol (TAG) spots and their lipolysis
6. Ameliorative effects of squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret) leaf extracts on oxidative stress
7. Cytoprotective Effects of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) Fruit Extract against oxidative stress and Carbonyl Stress
8. Phytochemical Composition And Oxidative Stability Of Cold-Pressed Butternut Squash (Cucurbita Moschata) And Pumpkin (Cucurbita Pepo L.) Seed Oils

1. Curcumin-Loaded Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles-Induced autophagy for Reducing Glioma Cell Migration and Invasion
2. autophagy inhibition improves the efficacy of curcumin/temozolomide combination therapy in glioblastomas
3. Curcumin regulates proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by affecting PI3K and P53 signaling
4. Curcumin: A naturally occurring autophagy modulator
5. Curcumin induces autophagy, inhibits proliferation and invasion by downregulating AKT/mtor signaling pathway in human melanoma cells
6. Curcumin Suppresses Proliferation and Migration of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells through autophagy-Dependent Akt Degradation
7. Curcumin targets the TFEB-lysosome pathway for induction of autophagy
8. Curcumin hormesis mediates a cross-talk between autophagy and cell death
9. Curcumin inhibits autophagy and apoptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocytes
10. Role of autophagy on Heavy Metal-Induced Renal Damage and the Protective Effects of Curcumin in autophagy and Kidney Preservation
11. Autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms of curcumin-induced death in K562 cells
12. Curcumin alleviates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through inhibition of autophagy and activation of mtor
13. Antagonism between curcumin and the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide
14. Curcumin as an ROS Scavenger in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
15. Curcumin alleviates neuronal apoptosis and cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction in septic mice
16. Is Chronic Curcumin Supplementation Neuroprotective Against Ischemia for Antioxidant Activity, Neurological Deficit, or Neuronal Apoptosis in an Experimental Stroke Model?
17. The Polyphenolic Compound Curcumin Conjugation with an Alkyne Moiety in the Process of autophagy
18. Curcumin‐induced autophagy and nucleophagy in Sp
19. Targeting inflammation-Induced obesity and Metabolic Diseases by Curcumin and Other Nutraceuticals
20. curcumin-treated adipocytes contained a greater number of small lipid … provide a greater surface area for the actions of water-soluble lipolytic
21. Finally, a recent report has demonstrated that curcumin prevents the lipolytic effects
22. In this study, we used curcumin as a model lipophilic component that could be incorporated into functional food products
23. Curcumin inhibits lipolysis via suppression of ER stress in adipose tissue and prevents hepatic insulin resistance
24. Curcumin attenuates lipolysis stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α or isoproterenol in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
25. New mechanisms and the anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases
26. Curcumin and obesity: evidence and mechanisms
27. Curcumin and obesity
28. Curcumin Prevents High Fat Diet Induced Insulin Resistance and obesity via Attenuating Lipogenesis in Liver and Inflammatory Pathway in Adipocytes
29. Curcumin molecular targets in obesity and obesity-related cancers
30. Roles of the Akt/mtor/p70S6K and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Curcumin-Induced Autophagy
31. Curcumin Inhibits Proliferation of Colorectal Carcinoma by Modulating Akt/mtor Signaling
32. Curcumin Ameliorates the Neurodegenerative Pathology in A53T α-synuclein Cell Model of Parkinson’s Disease Through the Downregulation of mtor/p70S6K Signaling and the Recovery of Macroautophagy
33. Curcumin disrupts uterine leiomyosarcoma cells through AKT-mtor pathway inhibition
34. Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, induced autophagic cell death through coordinative modulation of PI3K/Akt‐mtor and MAPK signaling pathways in human leukemia HL‐60 cells
35. Curcumin inhibited HGF-induced EMT and angiogenesis through regulating c-Met dependent PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathways in lung cancer
36. Curcumin inhibits cancer-associated fibroblast-driven prostate cancer invasion through MAOA/mtor/HIF-1α signaling
37. Transient Metals Enhance Cytotoxicity of Curcumin: Potential Involvement of the NF-κB and mtor Signaling Pathways
38. Curcumin sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide by simultaneously generating ROS and disrupting AKT/mtor signaling
39. A novel curcumin analog binds to and activates TFEB in vitro and in vivo independent of mtor inhibition
40. Curcumin attenuates gentamicin-induced renal oxidative damage in rats
41. Curcumin and Especially Tetrahydrocurcumin Ameliorate oxidative stress-Induced Renal Injury in Mice
42. Chemical Studies on Antioxidant Mechanism of Curcumin:  Analysis of Oxidative Coupling Products from Curcumin and Linoleate
43. Curcumin Activates Defensive Genes and Protects Neurons Against oxidative stress
44. Protective Effects of Curcumin against Oxidative Damage on Skin Cells In Vitro: Its Implication for Wound Healing
45. Effect of Curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in Cisplatin-Induced Experimental Nephrotoxicity
46. Curcumin suppresses AGEs induced apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells via protective autophagy
47. Curcumin, a diferuloylmethane, attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat kidneys
48. Curcumin protected PC12 cells against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity through the inhibition of oxidative damage and tau hyperphosphorylation
49. Curcumin induces autophagy to protect vascular endothelial cell survival from oxidative stress damage
50. Curcumin, inflammation, ageing and age-related diseases
51. Biodegradable microspheres of curcumin for treatment of inflammation.
52. The beneficial role of curcumin on inflammation, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease: A recent update
53. Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage
54. Curcumin attenuates inflammation through inhibition of TLR-4 receptor in experimental colitis
55. Inhibition by curcumin of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic hyperplasia, inflammation, cellular gene products and cell-cycle-related proteins in rats
56. Modulation Of Inflammatory Mediators By Ibuprofen And Curcumin Treatment During Chronic inflammation In Rat
57. Curcumin attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by regulating nitric oxide
58. Curcumin ameliorates renal failure in 5/6 nephrectomized rats: role of inflammation
59. Synergistic chondroprotective effects of curcumin and resveratrol in human articular chondrocytes: inhibition of IL-1β-induced NF-κB-mediated inflammation and apoptosis
60. Curcumin Eliminates leptin’s Effects on Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via Interrupting leptin Signaling
61. Inhibition of leptin and leptin Receptor Gene Expression by Silibinin-Curcumin Combination
62. Curcumin Protects Hepatic Stellate Cells against leptin-Induced Activation in Vitro by Accumulating Intracellular Lipids
63. Curcumin prevents leptin raising glucose levels in hepatic stellate cells by blocking translocation of glucose transporter‐4 and increasing glucokinase
64. Curcumin eliminates the effect of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on the divergent regulation of gene expression of receptors of AGEs by interrupting leptin signaling
65. Curcumin prevents leptin-induced tight junction dysfunction in intestinal Caco-2 BBe cells
66. Curcumin inhibits leptin gene expression and secretion in breast cancer cells by estrogen receptors
67. [The study of insulin resistance and leptin resistance on the model of simplicity obesity rats by curcumin].
68. Therapeutic effect of curcumin on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats and its influence on the expression of leptin in liver
69. Evaluation of serum cancer antigen 125, resistin, leptin, homocysteine, and total antioxidant capacity in rat model of endometriosis treated with Curcumin
70. Effect of Phytosomal Curcumin on Circulating Levels of Adiponectin and leptin in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
71. Effect of Curcumin Supplement on Pulmonary Functions, Total and Differential White Blood Cell Count, Serum Level of leptin and Body Mass Index in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Chronic Bronchial Asthma
72. 7 Food additives sodium sulfite, sodium benzoate and curcumin inhibit leptin release in murine adipocytes in vitro
73. Preparation and Evaluation of effect Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified with Biodegradable Copolymer PCL-PEG containing Curcumin – Silibinin on leptin Gene Experession in Lung Cancer

1. Selective Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy Through Treatment With Dandelion Root Extract in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

1. Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
2. Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by inducing autophagy via the AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway
3. Dihydromyricetin promotes autophagy and apoptosis through ROS-STAT3 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
4. Dihydromyricetin and Salvianolic acid B inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation and enhance chaperone-mediated autophagy
5. Dihydromyricetin protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis via activation of FOXO3a-mediated autophagy
6. Dihydromyricetin modulates p62 and autophagy crosstalk with the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway to alleviate ethanol-induced hepatic injury
7. Dihydromyricetin induces apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy through ROS-NF-κB signalling in human melanoma cells
8. Dihydromyricetin inhibits PC12 cell injury induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by up-regulating autophagy activity
9. Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
10. Dihydromyricetin induces autophagy in HepG2 cells involved in inhibition of mtor and regulating its upstream pathways
11. Dihydromyricetin protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis via activation of FOXO3a-mediated autophagy
12. Dihydromyricetin modulates p62 and autophagy crosstalk with the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway to alleviate ethanol-induced hepatic injury
13. Dihydromyricetin Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
14. The Versatile Effects of Dihydromyricetin in Health
15. Dihydromyricetin Enhances the Chemo-Sensitivity of Nedaplatin via Regulation of the p53/Bcl-2 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
16. Determination of dihydromyricetin in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
17. Dihydromyricetin protects against lipopolysaccharide‑induced cardiomyocyte injury through the toll‑like receptor‑4/nuclear factor‑κB pathway
18. The in vitro assays detected action of dihydromyricetin on adipogenesis, lipolysis and lipogenesis
19. “Dihydromyricetin prevents obesity-induced slow-twitch-fiber reduction partially via FLCN/FNIP1/AMPK pathway,”
20. Dihydromyricetin improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
21. Dihydromyricetin[A];[C];2006 … on Seral Lipids in High Fat and Sugar Diet-induced obese
22. Dihydromyricetin induces autophagy in HepG2 cells involved in inhibition of mtor and regulating its upstream pathways
23. Ampelopsin suppresses breast carcinogenesis by inhibiting the mtor signalling pathway
24. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates the oxidative stress response induced by methylglyoxal via the AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway in PC12 cells
25. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in L02 and HepG2 cells by inhibiting lipogenesis and oxidative stress
26. Dihydromyricetin attenuated Ang II induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation related to inhibitory of oxidative stress
27. Protection of oxidative stress induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by dihydromyricetin through down-regulation of caspase activation and up-regulation of BcL-2
28. Dihydromyricetin Attenuates Myocardial Hypertrophy Induced by Transverse Aortic Constriction via oxidative stress Inhibition and SIRT3 Pathway Enhancement
29. Dihydromyricetin improves type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection in mice
30. Dihydromyricetin Inhibits Lead-Induced Cognitive Impairments and inflammation by the Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Mice
31. Dihydromyricetin attenuates inflammation through TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway
32. Dihydromyricetin Inhibits inflammation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes through Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis

1. Induction of autophagy by dimethyl cardamonin is associated with proliferative arrest in human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 and LOVO cells
2. Autophagy induced by cardamonin is associated with mtorC1 inhibition in SKOV3 cells
3. Cardamonin Inhibits Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells by Decreasing mtor Activity
4. mtor inhibition of cardamonin on antiproliferation of A549 cells is involved in a FKBP12 independent fashion
5. Cardamonin Inhibits Angiogenesis by mtor Downregulation in SKOV3 Cells
6. [Antiproliferation of cardamonin associated with mRNA expression of mtor, Raptor and Rictor].
7. Discovery of a highly active anticancer analogue of cardamonin that acts as an inducer of caspase-dependent apoptosis and modulator of the mtor pathway
8. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Cardamonin in Ovarian Cancer Cells Are Mediated via mtor Suppression
9. Cardamonin attenuates lung carcinoma and promotes autophagy via targeting p53 and regulating mtor.
10. Glycolysis inhibition via mtor suppression is a key step in cardamonin-induced autophagy in SKOV3 cells
11. Cardamonin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway
12. Semi-synthesis of novel cardamonin analogues and identification of a highly active Cu(II)-cardamonin complex that inhibits migration and induces apoptosis via inhibition of mtor expression
13. Cardamonin Attenuates Tamoxifen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats through Modulation of Inflammatory Mediators, oxidative stress and Apoptosis
14. Pre-treatment with cardamonin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Impact on NOX-1, inflammation and apoptosis
15. Cardamonin attenuates chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in colon
16. Cardamonin Alleviates Pressure Overload-induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction Through Inhibition of oxidative stress
17. Apoptotic cell death via oxidative stress mediated caspase-dependent mechanism in Jurkat T cells by cardamonin and its transition metal Cu (II) and Fe (II) complexes

1. Dioscin Alleviates Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary inflammation and Fibrosis through Promoting Alveolar Macrophage autophagy
2. Corrigendum to(autophagy Inhibition Enhances ApoptosisInduced by Dioscin in Huh7 Cells)
3. Potent effects of dioscin against hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating TP53‐induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR)‐mediated apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage
4. Erratum to: Dioscin-induced autophagy mitigates cell apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human lung cancer cell lines
5. Dioscin strengthens the efficiency of adriamycin in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells through autophagy induction: More than just down-regulation of MDR1
6. Dioscin enhances osteoblastic cell differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting cell autophagy via the ASPP2/NF-κβ pathway
7. Dioscin-induced autophagy mitigates cell apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human lung cancer cell lines
8. Diosgenin induces ROS-dependent autophagy and cytotoxicity via mtor signaling pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cells
9. autophagy Inhibition Enhances Apoptosis Induced by Dioscin in Huh7 Cells
10. Diosgenin‑induced autophagy and apoptosis in a human prostate cancer cell line
11. Dioscin induces caspase-independent apoptosis through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor in breast cancer cells
12. Diosgenin Glucoside Protects against Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating autophagy and Alleviating Apoptosis
13. Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology
14. Dioscin, Human pleura[ fluid (HPF) INTRODUCTION Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is lipolytic enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes the sn-2 position of glyceropho- spholipid.
15. dioscin exerts a protective effect against NAFLD … fed mice prevented fat accumulation in epididymal tissues by stimulating lipolysis and ameliorating
16. dioscin and its aglycone, diosgenin, showed inhibitory potential against fat absorption(12 …Besides, the observed reduction in intracellular lipolytic activity of cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes may reduce the levels
17. Dioscin ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of the MAPK and Akt/GSK3β/mtor pathways
18. Dioscin induces cancer cell apoptosis through elevated oxidative stress mediated by downregulation of peroxiredoxins
19. Protective effects of dioscin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via adjusting FXR-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation
20. Dioscin Prevents the Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Attenuates oxidative stress in Cardiac H9c2 Cells
21. Protective Effects of Dioscin against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation
22. Dioscin Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Inhibition of Oxidative-Nitrative Stress, inflammation and Apoptosis
23. Protective effects of dioscin against fructose-induced renal damage via adjusting Sirt3-mediated oxidative stress, fibrosis, lipid metabolism and inflammation
24. Dioscin alleviates dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury through regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation
25. Potent effects of dioscin against thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis through attenuating oxidative stress in turn inhibiting inflammation, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways
26. Dioscin Protects ANIT-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis Through Regulating Transporters, Apoptosis and oxidative stress
27. Dioscin: A diverse acting natural compound with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation and infections
28. Dioscin inhibits ischemic stroke‑induced inflammation through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathway in a rat model
29. Dioscin protects against coronary heart disease by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation via Sirt1/Nrf2 and p38 MAPK pathways
30. Dioscin relieves endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation and protect neurogenesis via improving 5-HT metabolism
31. Dioscin ameliorates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via adjusting miR-351-5p/MAPK13-mediated inflammation and apoptosis
32. Corrigendum to “Protective effects of dioscin agains doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via adjusting FXR-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation” [Toxicology 378 (2017) 53-64].

1. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promotes immunogenic apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells, induces autophagy and inhibits STAT3 in both tumor and dendritic cells
2. Docosahexaenoic acid enhances M2 macrophage polarization via the p38 signaling pathway and autophagy
3. Docosahexaenoic Acid Attenuated Experimental Chronic Colitis in Interleukin 10–Deficient Mice by Enhancing autophagy Through Inhibition of the mtor Pathway
4. Docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, induces autophagy in human breast cancer cells: role of oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1
5. Docosahexaenoic acid induces autophagy through p53/AMPK/mtor signaling and promotes apoptosis in human cancer cells harboring wild-type p53
6. Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Cell Death in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Repressing mtor via AMPK Activation and PI3K/Akt Inhibition
7. Docosahexaenoic acid-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in human cancer cells
8. Different fatty acids inhibit apoB100 secretion by different pathways: unique roles for ER stress, ceramide, and autophagy
9. Docosahexaenoic acid prevents palmitate-induced activation of proteolytic systems in C2C12 myotubes
10. Omega‐3 PUFA ethanolamides DHEA and EPEA induce autophagy through PPARγ activation in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
11. Induction of oxiapoptophagy on 158N murine oligodendrocytes treated by 7-ketocholesterol-, 7β-hydroxycholesterol-, or 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol: Protective effects of α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3)
12. Microarray analysis of anti-cancer effects of docosahexaenoic acid on human colon cancer model in nude mice
13. AKT/mtor signaling pathway is involved in salvianolic acid B-induced autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
14. DHA regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in mice adipose and liver
15. In vitro examination of DHA-edible micro algae: 1. Effect on rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids
16. The effects of dietary EPA and DHA fortification on lipolysis activity and physiological function in juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker)
17. The Effect of Insulin, TNFα and DHA on the Proliferation, Differentiation and lipolysis of Preadipocytes Isolated from Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena Crocea R.)
18. EPA and DHA influenced differently the MRNA expression levels of some lipolysis-related factors in subcutaneous and visceral rabbit ADSCs in vitro
19. Prevention and Reversal of obesity and Glucose Intolerance in Mice by DHA Derivatives
20. The Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in the Control of obesity and Metabolic Derangements in Breast Cancer
21. Effect of DHA supplementation in a very low-calorie ketogenic diet in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial
22. Frontline Science: A reduction in DHA‐derived mediators in male obesity contributes toward defects in select B cell subsets and circulating antibody
23. Long-term dietary EPA or DHA supplementation do not ameliorate obesity but improve glucose homeostasis via gut-adipose axis in already obese mice
24. Abstract 2867: Docosahexaenoic acid induces autophagy through p53/AMPK/mtor signaling in human cancer cells
25. Abstract 4654: Docosahexaenoic acid induces autophagy through reactive oxygen species /mtor pathway in p53 mutant cancer
26. 139 Docosahexaenoic Acid-induced Autophagy is Related to Inhibition of mtor by Reactive Oxygen Species in P53 Mutant Cancer Cells
27. Abstract 2274: Docosahexaenoic acid-induced cell death may be related to inhibition of mtor through AMPK activation and PI3K/Akt inhibition in human non-small cell lung cancer cells
28. 138 Inhibition of mtor Through AMPK Activation and PI3K/Akt Inhibition is Important to Docosahexaenoic Acid-induced Cell Death in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
29. 1034 POSTER Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Autophagy Through p53/AMPK/mtor Signaling in Human Cancer Cells Harboring Wild-type p53
30. EPA and DHA reduce LPS-induced inflammation responses in HK-2 cells: Evidence for a PPAR-γ–dependent mechanism
31. DHA Supplementation Decreases Serum C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of inflammation in Hypertriglyceridemic Men
32. Dietary Olive Oil Supplemented with Fish Oil, Rich in EPA and DHA (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Attenuates Colonic inflammation in Rats with DSS-Induced Colitis
33. DHA- and EPA-derived resolvins, protectins, and maresins in airway inflammation
34. The influence of EPA and DHA on markers of inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells at different stages of cellular maturation
35. Administration of DHA Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated inflammation and Alters Microglial or Macrophage Activation in Traumatic Brain Injury
36. A randomized, crossover, head-to-head comparison of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation to reduce inflammation markers in men and women: the Comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) Study
37. DHA at nutritional doses restores insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by preventing lipotoxicity and inflammation
38. Healthy effect of different proportions of marine ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA supplementation in Wistar rats: Lipidomic biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation
39. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells
40. DHA-induced stress response in human colon cancer cells – Focus on oxidative stress and autophagy
41. The marine n-3 PUFA DHA evokes cytoprotection against oxidative stress and protein misfolding by inducing autophagy and NFE2L2 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
42. Effects of dietary DHA and α-tocopherol on bone development, early mineralisation and oxidative stress in Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae
43. Selenium inclusion decreases oxidative stress indicators and muscle injuries in sea bass larvae fed high-DHA microdiets
44. Vitamin C Enhances Vitamin E Status and Reduces oxidative stress Indicators in Sea Bass Larvae Fed High DHA Microdiets
45. PUFA and oxidative stress. Differential modulation of the cell response by DHA
46. Membrane Lipid Modification by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Promotes the Formation of α-Synuclein Inclusion Bodies Immunopositive for SUMO-1 in Oligodendroglial Cells After oxidative stress
47. Tumor and non-tumor tissues differential oxidative stress response to supplemental DHA and chemotherapy in rats
48. Increased Uncoupling Protein2 mRNA in White Adipose Tissue, and Decrease in leptin, Visceral Fat, Blood Glucose, and Cholesterol in KK-AyMice Fed with Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Addition to Linolenic Acid
49. leptin and phospholipid-esterified docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in plasma of women: observations during pregnancy and lactation
50. A possible role for ghrelin, leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and docosahexaenoic acid in reducing the quality of life of coeliac disease patients following a gluten-free diet

1. Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens) modulates cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy.
2. Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens … is frequently lost in patients enduring metabolic syndromes such as obesity

1. Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 and Its Specific Components Elicit Protective Protein Clearance Through the autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway in Tau-Transgenic Mice and Cultured Neurons
2. Long-term treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 improves symptoms and pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
3. The Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 Modulates Proteasome Activity and Polyglutamine Protein Aggregation
4. EGb761 improves the cognitive function of elderly db/db−/− diabetic mice by regulating the beclin-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways
5. Role of EGB 761 as a Possible Aromatase Inhibitor for Breast Cancer Therapy
6. EGB 761 Reduces Tumor Growth in Postmenopausal Xenograft Models Implanted MCF-7 AROM Breast Cancer Cells
7. Influence of Standardized Extract Ginkgo biloba EGb761® Towards Quality of Life Indicators in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
8. EGb 761 (5) may counteract this process … of the glu- cose- and fatty acid metabolism in diabetes leading to high levels of free fatty acids in the blood and to in-creasing synthesis of triglicerides accompanied by in- hibition of lipolysis
9. EGb 761 may prevent LDL lipoperoxidation in both lipolytic and hydrophylic phases and may be useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis
10. EGb 761 has a broad spectrum of beneficial effects in several disease states, but the primary interest of this laboratory is to … the insulin resistance syndrome (also called syndrome X). The insulin resistance syndrome includes metabolic defects such as obesity,
11. adipogenesis involved in obesity (Naaz et al., 2002). Therefore, the present results suggest that the potency of EGb 761 on the ER-mediated reproductive actions
12. Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts induces autophagy in Lewis lung cancer cells involving AMPK / mtor / p70S6k signaling pathway
13. Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic ApoE-/- Mice by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Restoration of Autophagy through the mtor Signaling Pathway
14. Central and Local Administration of Gingko Biloba Extract EGb 761® Inhibits Thermal Hyperalgesia and inflammation in the Rat Carrageenan Model
15. Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761): An anti-dementia drug with inflammation inhibiting and cardiovascular effects
16. Central and local administration of Gingko biloba extract EGb 761® inhibits thermal hyperalgesia and inflammation in the rat carrageenan model
17. Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761) Pretreatment Limits Free Radical oxidative stress in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery
18. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats: Roles of oxidative stress and nitric oxide
19. Effect of the antioxidant action of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on aging and oxidative stress
20. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb 761) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and NF-κB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway
21. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients
22. The Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on parameters of oxidative stress in different regions of aging rat brains after acute hypoxia
23. Suppressive effect ofGinkgo bilobaextract (EGb 761) on topsin induced ovarian toxicity and oxidative stress in albino rats
24. Antioxidant effect of EGb 761 on aging and oxidative stress

1. Emblica officinalis Extract Induces Autophagy and Inhibits Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Growth of Mouse Xenograft Tumors
2. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Attentuates N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Apoptosis, Autophagy, and inflammation in Rat Livers
3. (Emblica officinalis Gartn.) is … as an antidiabetic and anti- atherogenic adipokine.37 Serum adiponectin levels are de- creased under the conditions of obesity,
4. Emblica officinalis Non-obese type 2 diabetes β-Cell function Antioxidant Ellagic acid Insulin secretion.
5. (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), at 10 … High-fructose diets have been used in animal models to induce the metabolic syndrome, including abdominal obesity
6. Anti-obesity effects of Emblica officinalis (Amla) are associated with inhibition of nuclear transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)
7. Emblica officinalis – Anti-obesity activity
8. Emblica officinalis in non-diabetic control and diabetic rats … These may be due to inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue by insulin sensitizing or insulin mimetic effect of polyphenolic fraction
9. Emblica officinalis (family: Euphorbiaceae), also known as Indian gooseberry or amla … A) High-fat-fed animals showed decreased hepatic lipolytic enzyme ie CPT
10. Emblica officinalis in our study hypothesizes that a possible inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue due to insulin sensitizing or insulin mimetic effect of polyphenolic compound
11. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) prevents dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in the ageing process
12. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) Extracts Reduce oxidative stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
13. Emblica officinalis causes myocardial adaptation and protects against oxidative stress in ischemic‐reperfusion injury in rats
14. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) Attenuates Age-Related Renal Dysfunction by oxidative stress
15. Supplementation of Emblica Officinalis (Amla) Extract Reduces oxidative stress in Uremic Patients
16. Studies on effects of Emblica officinalis (Amla) on oxidative stress and cholinergic function in scopolamine induced amnesia in mice.
17. A Pilot clinical study to evaluate the effect of Emblica officinalis extract (Amlamax™) on markers of systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia
18. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Attentuates N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Apoptosis, Autophagy, and inflammation in Rat Livers
19. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Emblica officinalis in Rodent Models of Acute and Chronic inflammation: Involvement of Possible Mechanisms
20. Protective effect of Emblica-officinalis in arsenic induced biochemical alteration and inflammation in mice
21. Rutin rich Emblica officinalis Geart. fruit extract ameliorates inflammation in the pancreas of rats subjected to alcohol and cerulein administration
22. Amelioration of Aluminum Maltolate-Induced inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by Tannoid Principles of Emblica officinalis in Neuronal Cellular Model

1. Corrigendum to “Evodiamine, a plant alkaloid, induces calcium/JNK-mediated autophagy and calcium/mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells”
2. WZY‑321, a novel evodiamine analog, inhibits glioma cell growth in an autophagy‑associated manner
3. oxidative stress and autophagy in cardiac disease, neurological disorders, aging and cancer
4. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide regulate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in evodiamine-treated human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells
5. Evodiamine, a plant alkaloid, induces calcium/JNK-mediated autophagy and calcium/mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells
6. A Drug Screening Method Based on the autophagy Pathway and Studies of the Mechanism of Evodiamine against Influenza A Virus
7. Evodiamine Induces Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1-Mediated Protective autophagy in U87-MG Astrocytes
8. Anti-Proliferative Effects of Evodiamine in Human Lung Cancer Cells
9. The effects of evodiamine on autophagy in human colon adenocarcinoma Lovo cells
10. Evodiamine Induces Cell Growth Arrest, Apoptosis and Suppresses Tumorigenesis in Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Cells
11. Evodiamine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases
12. Reported a capsaicin‐like anti‐obese activity of evodiamine
13. Evodiamine Improves Diet-Induced obesity in a Uncoupling Protein-1-Independent Manner: Involvement of Antiadipogenic Mechanism and Extracellularly Regulated Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
14. Inhibitory effect of evodiamine alone and in combination with rosiglitazone on in vitro adipocyte differentiation and in vivo obesity related to diabetes
15. Dietary supplementation with evodiamine prevents obesity and improves insulin resistance in ageing mice
16. Capsaicin-Like Anti-obese Activities of Evodiamine from Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, a Vanilloid Receptor Agonist
17. Effect of evodiamine on the mRNA expression of lipolytic enzymes Given the results described above,
18. Long-term effects of evodiamine on expressions of lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in mouse adipose and liver tissues
19. Evodiamine had on hemodynamics, energy expenditure, and markers … Epinephrine strongly enhances the rate of glycogenolysis and of lipolysis and appearance of free fatty acids
20. Evodiamine from fruits of … alba) is provided for increasing individual’s natural adipose lipolytic metabolism via adipose metabolism by way of lipolysis or lipolytic metabolism.
21. Evodiamine, and hordenine, all of which have been shown to play a role in enhancing lipolysis and increasing ener- gy expenditure
22. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis and Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through mtor/S6K1-Mediated Downregulation of Mcl-1
23. [Effect of evodiamine in inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells through mtor signal pathway].
24. The molecular mechanism of apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells induced by evodiamine inhibition mtor signal pathway
25. Evodiamine Inhibits Zymosan-Induced inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo: Inactivation of NF-κB by Inhibiting IκBα Phosphorylation
26. Protective Effects of Evodiamine against LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Regulation of ROS-NF-κB-Mediated inflammation
27. Evodiamine ameliorates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining mitochondrial anti-oxidant functions
28. Inhibitory effects of evodiamine on zymosan-induced inflammation: inactivation of NF-κB by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation
29. Nitric oxide activated by p38 and NF-κB facilitates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest under oxidative stress in evodiamine-treated human melanoma A375-S2 cells
30. Evodiamine inhibits PDGF‑BB‑induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells through the suppression of cell cycle progression and oxidative stress
31. The Effect of Evodiamine Against Intestinal Tissue Injury Induced By Mesenteric Ischemia-Reperfusion: Role of oxidative stress

1. Fenugreek extract as an inducer of cellular death via autophagy in human T lymphoma Jurkat cells
2. Fenugreek alkaloids have also been shown to stimulate the hepatic lipogenic enzymes . During [43] diabetes, lipogenesis is decreased while lipolysis
3. Fenugreek may be due, at least in part, to intestinal glucosidase inhibition … Measurement of adrenaline-induced lipolysis
4. Hypolipidemic Effect of Fenugreek Seeds Is Mediated Through Inhibition of Fat Accumulation and Upregulation of LDL Receptor.
5. Fenugreek hypolipidemic action may be an outcome of the achievement of normal glucose level which may reduce degradation of already accumulated lipids and inhibit lipolysis
6. Effects of fenugreek seeds on adipogenesis and lipolysis in normal and diabetic rats.
7. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Effects on Insulin Resistance Associated with obesity
8. Efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite on renal dysfunction and endogenous intoxication in high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model—comparative study
9. Low molecular weight galactomannans-based standardized fenugreek seed extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via modulation of FASn, IL-6, leptin, and TRIP-Br2†
10. Treatment Effects of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seed Powder against High Calorie Diet Indused obesity in Rats
11. Protein based product from fenugreek seeds that regulates dyslipidemia and obesity, and a process for the preparation thereof
12. Supplementation of Fenugreek Leaves Reduces oxidative stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
13. Effect of trigonelline and ethanol extract of Iraqi Fenugreek seeds on oxidative stress in alloxan diabetic rabbits
14. A Mechanism-based Pharmacological Evaluation of Efficacy of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) Seeds in Regulation of Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in Hyperlipidemic Rats
15. Amelioration of oxidative stress by dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds is potentiated by onion (Allium cepa L.) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
16. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) On Selected Biochemical and oxidative stress Biomarkers in Rats Intoxicated with Carbon Tetrachloride
17. Alleviation of oxidative stress-mediated nephropathy by dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and onion (Allium cepa) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
18. Diosgenin present in fenugreek improves glucose metabolism by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues
19. Does fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed improve inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A parallel group randomized clinical trial
20. Dietary Fenugreek Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Role of inflammation
21. Mol Nutr Food Res: Diosgenin present in fenugreek improves glucose metabolism by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues
22. Fenugreek alleviates airway eosinophilic inflammation of allergic asthma in OVA-induced mouse model
23. Fenugreek, A Potent Hypoglycaemic Herb Can Cause Central Hypothyroidism Via leptin – A Threat To Diabetes Phytotherapy
24. Low molecular weight galactomannans-based standardized fenugreek seed extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via modulation of FASn, IL-6, leptin, and TRIP-Br2

1. Fisetin induces autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondrial stress-dependent pathways
2. Crosstalk between Fisetin-induced Apoptosis and autophagy in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. Fisetin regulates obesity by targeting mtorC1
4. Fisetin at low concentration that does not affect Akt/mtorC1 signaling inhibited adipocyte differentiation, which does not compromise the fisetin’s potential of anti-obesity
5. Fisetin regulates obesity by targeting mtorC1 signaling
6. Potentiation of β-adrenoceptor agonist-mediated lipolysis by quercetin and fisetin in isolated rat adipocytes
7. Another possible mechanism by which fisetin may regulate obesity pathogenesis is by reducing hepatic lipogenesis
8. fisetin act synergistically with epinephrine on β-adrenergic receptor (4), while genistein inhibits … Hormonal short-term modulation of lipolysis is mainly driven by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A
9. Fisetin has also been reported as a potent inhibitor of the human P-form phenolsulfonyl transferase, which reflects its role as chemo-preventive agent in carcinogenesis induced by sulfation [12]. It increases lipolysis
10. Fisetin shows a dose- and time-dependent increase in lipolysis,
11. fisetin exhibited the most effective lipolysis
12. Fisetin modulates adipogenesis and lipolysis in steatotic hepatocytes
13. Fisetin inhibits human melanoma cell growth through direct binding to p70S6K and mtor: Findings from 3-D melanoma skin equivalents and computational modeling
14. Fisetin inhibits laryngeal carcinoma through regulation of AKT/NF-κB/mtor and ERK1/2 signaling pathways
15. Fisetin Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in Mouse Adipocytic 3T3-L1 Cells by Repressing GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Uptake through Inhibition of mtor-C/EBPα Signaling
16. Promising tumor inhibiting potentials of Fisetin through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
17. Anti‑cancer effects of fisetin on mammary carcinoma cells via regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway: In vitro and in vivo studies
18. Flavonol-rich RVHxR from Rhus verniciflua Stokes and its major compound fisetin inhibits inflammation-related cytokines and angiogenic factor in rheumatoid arthritic fibroblast-like synovial cells and in vivo models
19. Fisetin, a bioactive flavonol, attenuates allergic airway inflammation through negative regulation of NF-κB
20. Fisetin Enhances Behavioral Performances and Attenuates Reactive Gliosis and inflammation During Aluminum Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity
21. Fisetin Inhibits UVB‐induced Cutaneous inflammation and Activation of PI3K/AKT/NFκB Signaling Pathways in SKH‐1 Hairless Mice
22. Fisetin inhibits high-glucose-induced vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo
23. Fisetin-treatment alleviates airway inflammation through inhbition of MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
24. Fisetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy
25. Fisetin Regulates Nrf2 Expression and the inflammation-Related Signaling Pathway to Prevent UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice
26. Activated TNF-α/RIPK3 signaling is involved in prolonged high fat diet-stimulated hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation: inhibition by dietary fisetin intervention
27. Abstract 216: The Effect of Fisetin on Lipopolysccharide-induced inflammation and MMP Activity in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
28. Fisetin, a tetra hydroxy flavone recuperates antioxidant status and protects hepatocellular ultrastructure from hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced experimental diabetes in rats
29. Fisetin averts oxidative stress in pancreatic tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
30. Fisetin protects liver from binge alcohol-induced toxicity by mechanisms including inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress
31. Fisetin alleviates oxidative stress after traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway
32. Fisetin Confers Cardioprotection against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Mitochondrial oxidative stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Activity
33. Fisetin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing oxidative stress

1. Bioactivity of Fragaria vesca leaves through inflammation, proteasome and autophagy modulation

1. Protective effect of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus on liver fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway-mediated inhibition of extracellular matrix and autophagy
2. Real-time tracking of the autophagy process in living cells using plasmonically enhanced Raman spectroscopy of fucoidan-coated gold nanoparticles
3. Effect of fucoidan on autophagy, migration and invasion of U266 cells
4. fucoidan can be useful for the prevention or treatment of obesity
5. Fucoidan administration reduced circulating lipopolysaccharide and ameliorated systematic inflammation in HFD-induced obese mice
6. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential effects of fucoidan on obesity through an in vitro study by determining the effects of fucoidan on preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes
7. Fucoidan Prevents High‐Fat Diet‐Induced obesity in Animals by Suppression of Fat Accumulation
8. Effect of Fucoidan Administration on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Overweight or obese Adults
9. Lipolytic regulation. Here, we examined the biological response of fucoidan on the protein level of lipolysis pathway
10. fucoidan inhibited the fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via regulation of lipolysis
11. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds, has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in mice. We investigated the effects of fucoidan on lipid accumulation, lipolysis
12. Fucoidan inhibits leukocyte recruitment in a model peritonial inflammation in rat and blocks interaction of P‐selectin with its carbohydrate ligand
13. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae, against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats via regulating the inflammation response
14. Fucoidan from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida suppresses adipocyte differentiation by inhibition of inflammation-related cytokines in 3T3-L1 cells
15. Different Suppressive Effects of Fucoidan and Lentinan on IL-8 mRNA Expression in in Vitro Gut inflammation
16. Low molecular weight fucoidan from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida suppresses inflammation by promoting the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells
17. Fucoidan inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and during the acute response in vivo
18. Low molecular weight fucoidan ameliorates the inflammation and glomerular filtration function of diabetic nephropathy
19. Attenuation of inflammation by marine algae Turbinaria ornata in cotton pellet induced granuloma mediated by fucoidan like sulphated polysaccharide
20. Fucoidan from Acaudina molpadioides protects pancreatic islet against cell apoptosis via inhibition of inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice
21. Fucoidan attenuates atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress
22. Suppression by Fucoidan of Liver Fibrogenesis via the TGF-β/Smad Pathway in Protecting against oxidative stress
23. Fucoidan protects mesenchymal stem cells against oxidative stress and enhances vascular regeneration in a murine hindlimb ischemia model
24. Fucoidan ameliorates steatohepatitis and insulin resistance by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
25. Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats by Reducing oxidative stress and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis
26. Fucoidan protects ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress via normalization of reactive oxygen species generation through the Ca2+-dependent ERK signaling pathway
27. Fucoidan reduces oxidative stress by regulating the gene expression of HO‑1 and SOD‑1 through the Nrf2/ERK signaling pathway in HaCaT cells
28. Fucoidan-Vitamin C complex suppresses tumor invasion through the basement membrane, with scarce injuries to normal or tumor cells, via decreases in oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases

1. Fucoxanthin provides neuroprotection in models of traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE and Nrf2-autophagy pathways
2. Fucoxanthin, the constituent of Laminaria japonica, triggers AMPK-mediated cytoprotection and autophagy in hepatocytes under oxidative stress
3. Effects of fucoxanthin on autophagy and apoptosis in SGC‐7901cells and the mechanism
4. Study on the Mechanism of autophagy of HeLa Cells in Human Cervical Cancer Induced by Fucoxanthin
5. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model
6. Anti-obesity Activity of the Marine Carotenoid Fucoxanthin
7. Nutraceutical Effects of Fucoxanthin for obesity and Diabetes Therapy: A Review
8. Petalonia binghamiae Extract and Its Constituent Fucoxanthin Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced obesity by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
9. We next examined whether fucoxanthin stimulated lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring levels of glycerol in culture supernatants.
10. These data indicate that fucoxanthin suppresses lipid accumulation and reduces lipolysis; lipolytic enzyme activity was also inhibited in the NAC positive control group
11. The effect of fucoxanthin on lipolysis-related protein
12. Fucoxanthin-supplemented group with a high-fat diet; FCH, 0.167 mg/kg/bw fucoxanthin-supplemented group
13. Fucoxanthin Activates Apoptosis via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mtor Pathway and Suppresses Invasion and Migration by Restriction of p38-MMP-2/9 Pathway in Human Glioblastoma Cells
14. Fucoxanthin restrains oxidative stress induced by retinol deficiency through modulation of Na+K+-ATPase and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats
15. Neuroprotective effects of fucoxanthin and its derivative fucoxanthinol from the phaeophyte Undaria pinnatifida attenuate oxidative stress in hippocampal neurons
16. The protective effect of fucoxanthin isolated from Ishige okamurae on oxidative stress induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and zebrafish model
17. Assessment of therapeutic effects of Fucoxanthin by attenuates the inflammation in ovalbumin induced asthma in experimental animal model
18. Undaria pinnatifidaand Fucoxanthin AmeliorateLipogenesis and Markers of Both inflammation andCardiovascular Dysfunction in an Animal Model ofDiet-Induced Obesity
19. Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin against Alcoholic Liver Injury by Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense and Inhibition of TLR4-Mediated inflammation
20. Down‐Regulation of Hepatic Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase‐1 Expression by Fucoxanthin via leptin Signaling in Diabetic/Obese KK‐Ay Mice

1. Galangin Induces autophagy via Deacetylation of LC3 by SIRT1 in HepG2 Cells
2. Galangin decreases p‑tau, Aβ42 and β‑secretase levels, and suppresses autophagy in okadaic acid‑induced PC12 cells via an Akt/GSK3β/mtor signaling‑dependent mechanism
3. Galangin Induces autophagy through Upregulation of p53 in HepG2 Cells
4. Galangin suppresses HepG2 cell proliferation by activating the TGF-β receptor/Smad pathway
5. Galangin inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cells by activating AMPK via increasing the AMP/TAN ratio in a LKB1-independent manner
6. Ethanolic Extract of Algerian Propolis and Galangin Decreased Murine Melanoma T
7. Anti-inflammatory effects of galangin on lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages via ERK and NF-κB pathway regulation
8. Galangin sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in renal carcinoma Caki cells
9. Synergistic anti-cancer effects of galangin and berberine through apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition in oesophageal carcinoma cells
10. Protection by Naringin and Some Other Flavonoids of Hepatocytic autophagy and Endocytosis against Inhibition by Okadaic Acid
11. Cytoprotective effect of flavonoid‐induced autophagy on bisphosphonate mediated cell death in osteoblast
12. Galangin Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Through Mitochondrial Pathway and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Inhibition
13. Algerian ethanolic extract of Propolis and galangin decreased melanoma tumour progression in C57BL6 mice
14. Galangin Inhibits Thrombin-Induced MMP-9 Expression in SK-N-SH Cells via Protein Kinase-Dependent NF-κB Phosphorylation
15. This mechanism is believed to be active in preventing obesity, although the activity of galangin in animal models was not investigated
16. Anti-obesity effects of galangin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor in cafeteria diet fed female rats
17. Galangin and primers for RT-PCR analysis were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Pvt … that TGF-β1 gene expression is elevated in the adipose tissue from genetically obese mice
18. Anti-obesity effects of galangin
19. Galangin induced antitumor effects in human kidney tumor cells mediated via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration and invasion and targeting PI3K/ AKT/mtor signalling pathway.
20. Galangin attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation
21. Galangin Abrogates Ovalbumin-Induced Airway inflammation via Negative Regulation of NF-B
22. Galangin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death in mice through inhibition of ERK and NF-kappaB signaling
23. Galangin ameliorates cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in vivo by modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation through interplay of MAPK signaling cascade
24. Galangin Activates Nrf2 Signaling and Attenuates Oxidative Damage, inflammation, and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity
25. D31 NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND AIRWAY inflammation: Galangin Attenuates Airway Remodeling By Inhibiting Tgf-[Beta]1-Mediated Ros Generation And Mapk/akt Phosphorylation In Asthma
26. Galangin Suppresses Renal inflammation via the Inhibition of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT and NLRP3 in Uric Acid Treated NRK-52E Tubular Epithelial Cells

1. A Ribonuclease Isolated from Wild Ganoderma Lucidum Suppressed autophagy and Triggered Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
2. Methanolic Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Induces autophagy of AGS Human Gastric Tumor Cells
3. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Prevent Palmitic Acid-Evoked Apoptosis and autophagy in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line via Restoration of Mitochondrial Function and Regulation of MAPK and AMPK/Akt/mtor Signaling Pathway
4. Triterpenes From Ganoderma Lucidum Induce autophagy in Colon Cancer Through the Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Kinase (p38 MAPK)
5. Anti-cancer properties of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum – a review
6. A methanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body inhibits the growth of a gastric cancer cell line and affects cellular autophagy and cell cycle
7. Biologic Activity of Spores and Dried Powder from Ganoderma lucidum for the Inhibition of Highly Invasive Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells
8. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth and Expression of Key Molecules in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
9. Active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores-induced apoptosis in human leukemia THP-1 cells via MAPK and PI3K pathways
10. GMI, an Immunomodulatory Protein from Ganoderma microsporum, Potentiates Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis via autophagy in Lung Cancer Cells
11. Total triterpenoids from Ganoderma Lucidum suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis
12. GMI, an immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, induces autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells
13. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid extract induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2)
14. A supercritical-CO2 extract of Ganoderma lucidum spores inhibits cholangiocarcinoma cell migration by reversing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition
15. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Reduce Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-1β Expression in Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells and in Thoracic Aortas in Mice
16. Studying Ganoderma lucidum as a source of molecular inducers of autophagy
17. Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota
18. Anti-obesity Effect Of Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) On Experimentally Induced obese Rats
19. Method to prepare Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides possessing anti-obesity properties
20. Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum water extract (BSGLWE) inhibits high-fat diet induced obesity through regulating gut microbiota in mice
21. The Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacopuncture and Moxibustion (Wang-tteum) on Abdominal obesity: Case Report
22. The Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum Specific microRNA glu-miR-01Regulation of Target Genes on PI3K/AKT/mtor Signaling Pathway
23. Inhibition of oxidative stress-induced invasiveness of cancer cells by Ganoderma lucidum is mediated through the suppression of interleukin-8 secretion
24. Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharide Accelerates Refractory Wound Healing by Inhibition of Mitochondrial oxidative stress in Type 1 Diabetes
25. Suppression of proliferation and oxidative stress by extracts of Ganoderma lucidum in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3
26. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide prevents renal ischemia reperfusion injury via counteracting oxidative stress
27. Ganoderma lucidum protects liver mitochondrial oxidative stress and improves the activity of electron transport chain in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats
28. Laccase isozymes from Ganoderma lucidum MDU-7: Isolation, characterization, catalytic properties and differential role during oxidative stress
29. Neuroprotective effects of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis
30. Effects of Selenium-Enriched Protein from Ganoderma lucidum on the Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, oxidative stress, and NF-κB Activation in Ovalbumin-Induced Asthmatic Mice
31. Effectiveness of Dp2 nasal therapy for Dp2- induced airwayinflammation in mice: using oral Ganoderma lucidum as animmunomodulator
32. Ganoderma lucidum beta 1,3/1,6 glucan as an immunomodulator in inflammation induced by a high-cholesterol diet
33. Ganoderma lucidum repress injury of ethanol-induced steatohepatitis via anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and reducing hepatic lipid in C57BL/6J mice
34. Le Ganoderma lucidum: accompagnement cancérologique, lutte antivirale, lutte contre l’inflammation ou contre le syndrome métabolique
35. LBPS 01–05 GANODERMA LUCIDUM POLYSACCHARIDE PEPTIDES AS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-inflammation, ANTI-HYPERTENSION AND ANTI-LIPID IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
36. A Study on the Controlling Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium Extract on the Respiratory System inflammation of the Mice
37. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses colon carcinogenesis and inflammation
38. PS 02-02 Effect Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Peptides as Anti-hypertension, Anti-lipid, Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammation in High Risk Patients of Atherosclerosis
39. A study on the controlling effect of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extract on the respiratory system inflammation of the mice

1. autophagy plays a role in genistein inhibiting proliferation of cervical cancer cells
2. Genistein-induced LKB1–AMPK activation inhibits senescence of VSMC through autophagy induction
3. Correction of Huntington’s Disease Phenotype by Genistein-Induced autophagy in the Cellular Model
4. A High Concentration of Genistein Induces Cell Death in Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cells by autophagy
5. Genistein and Myd88 Activate autophagy in High Glucose-Induced Renal Podocytes In Vitro
6. autophagy-dependent mechanism of genistein-mediated elimination of behavioral and biochemical defects in the rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
7. Genistein protects against rat hippocampus amyloid-β1-42 neurotoxicity through p-mtor-dependent autophagy
8. Genistein protects against ox-LDL-induced senescence through enhancing SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK-mediated autophagy flux in HUVECs
9. L11 A novel approach for treatment of huntington’s disease by genistein-mediated stimulation of autophagy
10. [Role of PPAR-γ-regulated autophagy in genistein-induced inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation].
11. Genistein affects lipogenesis and lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes
12. Genistein and daidzein repress adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling or lipolysis
13. Genistein inhibits adipogenesis and increases lipolysis in primary human adipocytes
14. Maternal Genistein Alters Coat Color and Protects Avy Mouse Offspring from obesity by Modifying the Fetal Epigenome
15. Genistein: A promising therapeutic agent for obesity and diabetes treatment
16. Hepatic Gene Expression Profiles Are Altered by Genistein Supplementation in Mice with Diet-Induced obesity
17. Effect of Genistein with Carnitine Administration on Lipid Parameters and obesity in C57Bl/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
18. Impact of estradiol, ER subtype specific agonists and genistein on energy homeostasis in a rat model of nutrition induced obesity
19. Genistein Exposure During the Early Postnatal Period Favors the Development of obesity in Female, But Not Male Rats
20. Modulation of Adipocyte Differentiation and Proadipogenic Gene Expression by Sulforaphane, Genistein, and Docosahexaenoic Acid as a First Step to Counteract obesity
21. Sensitization of Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Genistein: The Role of NF B and Akt/mtor Signaling Pathways
22. Novasoy and genistein inhibit endometrial cancer cell proliferation through disruption of the AKT/mtor and MAPK signaling pathways
23. Genistein protects against rat hippocampus amyloid-β1-42 neurotoxicity through p-mtor-dependent autophagy
24. Genistein and Gut inflammation: Role of Nitric Oxide
25. Estradiol or genistein prevent Alzheimer’s disease-associated inflammation correlating with an increase PPARγ expression in cultured astrocytes
26. Genistein attenuates retinal inflammation associated with diabetes by targeting of microglial activation
27. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, reduces renal inflammation and injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
28. Oral treatment with genistein reduces the expression of molecular and biochemical markers of inflammation in a rat model of chronic TNBS-induced colitis
29. Genistein inhibits TNF-α-induced endothelial inflammation through the protein kinase pathway A and improves vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice
30. Genistein modulates NF-κB-associated renal inflammation, fibrosis and podocyte abnormalities in fructose-fed rats
31. Genistein ameliorates cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats
32. Genistein Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Monocyte Adhesion to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells through Preservation of the cAMP Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Vascular inflammation in Obese Diabetic Mice
33. Soy isoflavones (daidzein & genistein) inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cutaneous inflammation via modulation of COX-2 and NF-κB in Swiss albino mice
34. Genistein attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal damage following transient global cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus
35. The Soy Isoflavone, Genistein, Protects Human Cortical Neuronal Cells from oxidative stress
36. Suppressive Effects of Genistein on oxidative stress and NFκB Activation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
37. Genistein protects prostate cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and induces expression of genes involved in the defence against oxidative stress
38. Genistein reduced the neural apoptosis in the brain of ovariectomised rats by modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress
39. Dietary genistein and equol (4′, 7 isoflavandiol) reduce oxidative stress and protect rats against focal cerebral ischemia
40. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and PPARγ plays a role in the genistein-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell injury
41. Genistein modulates oxidative stress in breast cancer cell lines according to ERα/ERβ ratio: Effects on mitochondrial functionality, sirtuins, uncoupling protein 2 and antioxidant enzymes
42. Genistein induces apoptosis and autophagy in human breast MCF-7 cells by modulating the expression of proapoptotic factors and oxidative stress enzymes
43. Genistein restricts leptin secretion from rat adipocytes
44. Genistein induces adipogenesis but inhibits leptin induction in human synovial fibroblasts
45. Genistein stimulates fatty acid oxidation in a leptin receptor-independent manner through the JAK2-mediated phosphorylation and activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle
46. Effects of estradiol, estrogen receptor subtype-selective agonists and genistein on glucose metabolism in leptin resistant female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats
47. Effect of the genistein metabolite on leptin secretion in murine adipocytes in vitro
48. Genistein suppresses leptin‐induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointima formation
49. Genistein Precipitated Hypothyroidism, Altered leptin and C-Reactive Protein Synthesis in Pregnant Rats
50. The effect of resistance training and genistein on leptin and lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
51. Hypothyroidism, altered leptin and c-reactive protein synthesis characterised pregnancy exposed to genistein
52. Genistein stimulates fatty acid oxidation in a leptin receptor-independent manner through the JAK2-mediated phosphorylation and activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle
53. Impact of estradiol, estrogen receptor subtype specific agonists and genistein on food intake, body weight, and glucose metabolism in leptin resistant ovariectomized Zucker diabetic fatty rats
54. Genistein Combined with Exercise Improves Lipid Profiles and leptin Levels in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High Fat Diet

1. Zerumbone, a ginger sesquiterpene, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human hormone-refractory prostate cancers through tubulin binding and crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial insult
2. Genetic and Histopathological Responses to Cadmium Toxicity in Rabbit’s Kidney and Liver: Protection by Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
3. Ginger was reported that it could stimulate the lipolysis activity
4. Zingiber officinale, has shown therapeutic role in health management since … reported to be effective in enhancing basal lipolysis
5. Beneficial effects of Zingiber officinale on goldthioglucose induced obesity
6. Beneficial effects of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity and metabolic syndrome: a review.
7. Mioga (Zingiber mioga Rosc.) Extract Prevents 3T3-L1 Differentiation into Adipocytes and obesity in Mice
8. A systematic review of the anti‐obesity and weight lowering effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its mechanisms of action
9. Effect of Zingiber officinale Supplementation on obesity Management with Respect to the Uncoupling Protein 1 ‐3826A>G and ß3‐adrenergic Receptor Trp64Arg Polymorphism
10. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been used as a medicinal spice for a long time.21, 22 It … zingerone at the concentration of 1000 μM increases basal lipolysis
11. Mechanism of Chemoprevention against Colon Cancer Cells Using Combined Gelam Honey and Ginger Extract via mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin Pathways.
12. Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinales Rosc) on oxidative stress induced by malathion in rats
13. Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin–nicotinamide diabetic rats
14. 6-Shogaol (Alkanone from Ginger) Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Hepatoma p53 Mutant Mahlavu Subline via an oxidative stress-Mediated Caspase-Dependent Mechanism
15. Ginger Pharmacopuncture Improves Cognitive Impairment and oxidative stress Following Cerebral Ischemia
16. Effects of Cinnamon, Cardamom, Saffron, and Ginger Consumption on Markers of Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
17. Effect of Ginger and Cinnamon Intake on oxidative stress and Exercise Performance and Body Composition in Iranian Female Athletes
18. Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol, a major pungent principle of ginger, on phorbol ester-induced inflammation, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumor promotion in ICR mice
19. Ginger, micro-inflammation and kidney disease
20. Ginger prevents Th2-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of airway inflammation
21. Influence of Ginger and Cinnamon Intake on inflammation and Muscle Soreness Endued by Exercise in Iranian Female Athletes
22. Dried Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) Inhibits inflammation in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model
23. Protective effects of ginger‐turmeric rhizomes mixture on joint inflammation, atherogenesis, kidney dysfunction and other complications in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis
24. inflammation reducing action of synergistic mixtures of bisabolol and ginger extracts
25. Effects of ginger on serum glucose, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients
26. Standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract reduces bacterial load and suppresses acute and chronic inflammation in Mongolian gerbils infected with cagA+ Helicobacter pylori
27. Effects of clove and fermented ginger on blood glucose, leptin, insulin and insulin receptor levels in high fat diet- induced type 2 diabetic rabbits
28. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) supplementation on nutritional status and circulating level of some adipocytokines in obese women with regard to genetic polymorphism of leptin, adiponectin, UCP-1 and beta 3 adrenergic receptors

1. 6-Gingerol induces autophagy to protect HUVECs survival from apoptosis
2. autophagy-dependent apoptosis is triggered by a semi-synthetic [6]-gingerol analogue in triple negative breast cancer cells
3. Inhibition of the autophagy flux by gingerol enhances TRAIL-induced tumor cell death
4. A Bioactive Constituent of Ginger, 6‐Shogaol, Prevents Adipogenesis and Stimulates lipolysis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
5. Anti‐obesity action of gingerol: effect on lipid profile, insulin, leptin, amylase and lipase in male obese rats induced by a high‐fat diet
6. Synergistic effect of quercetin and 6-gingerol treatment in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats and poloxamer P-407 induced hyperlipidemia
7. Ameliorative potential of gingerol: Promising modulation of inflammatory factors and lipid marker enzymes expressions in HFD induced obesity in rats
8. 6-Gingerol Inhibits Lipid Accumulation and obesity-Induced Inflammatory Responses In 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 Macrophages.
9. Mechanisms for antidiabetic effect of gingerol in cultured cells and obese diabetic model mice
10. 6-Gingerol Suppresses Adipocyte-Derived Mediators of inflammation In Vitro and in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese Zebra Fish
11. A study on 6-gingerol attenuate vascular smooth muscle cells senescence through inhibition of mtor pathway molecular
12. 6-Gingerol Protects against Nutritional Steatohepatitis by Regulating Key Genes Related to inflammation and Lipid Metabolism
13. [6]-Gingerol dampens hepatic steatosis and inflammation in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
14. 6-Gingerol Protects Heart by Suppressing Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced inflammation via the PI3K/Akt-Dependent Mechanism in Rats
15. 6-Gingerol mitigates nutritional steatohepatitis through regulating key genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrogenesis
16. The Natural Product 6-Gingerol Inhibits inflammation-Associated Osteoclast Differentiation via Reduction of Prostaglandin E2 Levels
17. Corrigendum to(6-Gingerol Protects Heart by SuppressingMyocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced inflammation viathe PI3K/Akt-Dependent Mechanism in Rats)
18. Chapter 24 – The Phenolic Gingerols and Gingerol-Derived Shogaols: Features and Properties Related to the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer and Chronic inflammation
19. 6-gingerol ameliorates gentamicin induced renal cortex oxidative stress and apoptosis in adult male albino rats
20. Zingiber officinale and 6-gingerol alleviate liver and kidney dysfunctions and oxidative stress induced by mercuric chloride in male rats: A protective approach
21. 6-gingerol ameliorates age-related hepatic steatosis: Association with regulating lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
22. Anti‐obesity action of gingerol: effect on lipid profile, insulin, leptin, amylase and lipase in male obese rats induced by a high‐fat diet

1. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 induced autophagy to inhibit migration and invasion of ovarian cancer
2. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Induce the Apoptosis and autophagy in U937 and K562 Cells
3. Stereoisomer-Specific Anticancer Activities of Ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 in HepG2 Cells: Disparity in Cytotoxicity and autophagy-Inducing Effects Due to 20(S)-Epimers
4. Inhibition of autophagy potentiates anticancer property of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 by promoting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells
5. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer cells to icotinib through inhibition of autophagy
6. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is a novel inhibitor of autophagy and sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to doxorubicin
7. The Ginsenoside 20-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Induces autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Melanoma via AMPK/JNK Phosphorylation
8. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 induced autophagy to inhibit migration and invasion of ovarian cancer
9. Ginsenoside Rg5 Inhibits Succinate-Associated lipolysis in Adipose Tissue and Prevents Muscle Insulin Resistance
10. Ginsenoside Rb_1 facilitates adipocyte differentiation and inhibits lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
11. Ginsenoside Rb1 Induces Beta 3 Adrenergic Receptor-dependent lipolysis and Thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and db/db Mice
12. Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte
13. Ginsenoside Rh1 Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced obesity in Mice by Inhibiting Adipocyte Differentiation
14. Ginsenoside F2 possesses anti-obesity activity via binding with PPARγ and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1 cell line
15. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits dietary-induced obesity and improves obesity-related glucose metabolic disorders
16. Anti-obesity Effects of Ginsenoside Rd via AMPK and PPAR Gamma
17. Ginsenoside Rg5: Rk1 Exerts an Anti-obesity Effect on 3T3-L1 Cell Line by the Downregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα
18. Saponin from sea cucumber exhibited more significant effects than ginsenoside on ameliorating high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice
19. Stereoisomer-specific ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 reverses replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via Akt-mtor-Sirtuin signaling
20. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 displays efficacy against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through the PI3K/Akt/mtor signal pathway
21. Central Inflammation and leptin Resistance Are Attenuated by Ginsenoside Rb1 Treatment in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
22. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves leptin sensitivity in the prefrontal cortex in obese mice
23. Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts antidiabetic action on C2C12 muscle cells by leptin receptor signaling pathway

1. Glucosamine Activates autophagy In Vitro and In Vivo
2. Glucosamine induces autophagy via an mtor-independent pathway
3. Glucosamine protects nucleus pulposus cells and induces autophagy via the mtor‐dependent pathway
4. Glucosamine promotes osteoblast proliferation by modulating autophagy via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
5. Glucosamine extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via autophagy induction
6. Glucosamine-Induced autophagy through AMPK–mtor Pathway Attenuates Lipofuscin-Like Autofluorescence in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro
7. Glucosamine regulates autophagy in vitro and in vivo
8. O-LINKED N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINE (O-GLCNAC) REGULATES autophagy AND APOPTOSIS IN CARDIOMYOCYTES: A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD IN INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA-INDUCED CARDIAC REMODELING
9. Glucosamine induces autophagic cell death through the stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cancer cells
10. Glucosamine protects nucleus pulposus cells and induces autophagy via the mtor‐dependent pathway
11. autophagy in osteoarthritis
12. autophagy and cartilage homeostasis mechanisms in joint health, aging and OA
13. Post-translational protein modification by O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine: Its role in mediating the adverse effects of diabetes on the heart
14. Effects of Lipofectamine 2000/siRNA Complexes on autophagy in Hepatoma Cells
15. Beneficial reward-to-risk action of glucosamine during pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
16. Molecular mechanisms of anticancer effects of Glucosamine
17. autophagy Modulation for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy
18. Glucosamine: an ingredient with skin and other benefits
19. Cytotoxic Effects of d-Glucosamine on the Ultrastructures of Normal and Neoplastic Tissues in Vivo
20. Anti-obese Effect of Glucosamine and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese Rats
21. glucosamine (glucosamine-6-phosphate, PGlc) was synthesized using methanesulfonic acid, phosphorus … genes and proteins associated with adipogenesis and lipolysis
22. glucosamine and inositol monophosphate, whereas the insulin effects on 3-0-methylglucose, cyclic AMP and lipolysis were unaffected
23. Glucosamine induces insulin … identification of phosphorylation sites and effects on the phosphorylation by lipolytic hormones
24. Anti-obesity effect of sulfated glucosamine by AMPK signal pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
25. Glucosamine Enhances Body Weight Gain and Reduces Insulin Response in Mice Fed Chow Diet but Mitigates obesity, Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Mice High-Fat Diet
26. Anti-obesity effect of EGCG and glucosamine-6-phosphate through decreased expression of genes related to adipogenesis and cell cycle arrest in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
27. Oral Glucosamine for 6 Weeks at Standard Doses Does Not Cause or Worsen Insulin Resistance or Endothelial Dysfunction in Lean or obese Subjects
28. Anti-obese Effect of Glucosamine and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese Rats
29. Increased number of subjects with elevated levels of blood glucose (HbA1c) after prolonged glucosamine usage among overweight and obese women
30. An analysis of high glucose and glucosamine-induced gene expression and oxidative stress in renal mesangial cells
31. Influence of glucosamine sulphate on oxidative stress in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes: effects on HO-1, p22Phox and iNOS expression
32. Comparison of effect of chitin, chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine on growth performance, antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress status of Penaeus monodon
33. Protective Effects of Glucosamine on Oxidative-Stress and Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Injury
34. Randomized Trial of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress Biomarkers and Plasma Proteomics Profiles in Healthy Humans
35. Augmented O-GlcNAc signaling via glucosamine attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis following contrast-induced acute kidney injury in rats
36. Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine on human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to oxidative stress
37. Combined effect of celecoxib and glucosamine sulfate on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators in patients with knee osteoarthritis
38. Inflammatory and oxidative stress in the Airway Epithelium Are Mediated Through O-Linked N-Acetyl-Glucosamine Modification and Regulated by FGF23
39. Effects of Chondroitin and Glucosamine Sulfate in a Dietary Bar Formulation on inflammation, Interleukin-1β, Matrix Metalloprotease-9, and Cartilage Damage in Arthritis
40. Joint inflammation increases glucosamine levels attained in synovial fluid following oral administration of glucosamine hydrochloride
41. Glucosamine attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting ROS-sensitive inflammatory signaling
42. Attenuation of LPS-Induced Lung inflammation by Glucosamine in Rats
43. Effect of a high dose of glucosamine on systemic and tissue inflammation in an experimental model of atherosclerosis aggravated by chronic arthritis
44. Fullerenols and glucosamine fullerenes reduce infarct volume and cerebral inflammation after ischemic stroke in normotensive and hypertensive rats
45. Effects of dietary supplementation of glucosamine sulfate on intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of experimental colitis
46. Glucosamine and egg for reducing inflammation
47. Associations Between Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplement Use and Biomarkers of Systemic inflammation
48. Effects of glucosamine sulfate and exercise therapy on serum leptin levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results of randomized controlled clinical trial
49. Glucosamine attenuates increases of intraabdominal fat, serum leptin levels, and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet in rats
50. Effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on serum leptin levels in human subjects

1. Glutathione participates in the modulation of starvation-induced autophagy in carcinoma cells
2. Lysosomal thiol reductase negatively regulates autophagy by altering glutathione synthesis and oxidation
3. Glutathione transferase mu 2 protects glioblastoma cells against aminochrome toxicity by preventing autophagy and lysosome dysfunction
4. Intracellular Glutathione Regulates Sesquiterpene Lactone-induced Conversion of autophagy to Apoptosis in Human Leukemia HL60 Cells
5. Glutathione Depletion Induces Spermatogonial Cell autophagy
6. Parkin deficiency increases the resistance of midbrain neurons and glia to mild proteasome inhibition: the role of autophagy and glutathione homeostasis
7. A bacterial metabolite induces glutathione-tractable proteostatic damage, proteasomal disturbances, and PINK1-dependent autophagy in C. elegans
8. Glutathione-S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1-1) acts as mediator of signaling pathways involved in aflatoxin B1-induced apoptosis–autophagy crosstalk in macrophages
9. Ascorbic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by ameliorating glutathione recovery and autophagy
10. Glutathione depletion induces ferroptosis, autophagy, and premature cell senescence in retinal pigment epithelial cells
11. Glutathione participates in the modulation of starvation-induced autophagy in carcinoma cells
12. Lysosomal thiol reductase negatively regulates autophagy by altering glutathione synthesis and oxidation
13. Glutathione transferase mu 2 protects glioblastoma cells against aminochrome toxicity by preventing autophagy and lysosome dysfunction
14. Sodium nitroprusside induces autophagic cell death in glutathione-depleted osteoblasts
15. Glutathione Participates in the Regulation of Mitophagy in Yeast
16. Ascorbate induces autophagy in pancreatic cancer
17. Chirality of Glutathione Surface Coating Affects the Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots
18. Glutathione in Cancer Cell Death
19. Glutathione: new roles in redox signaling for an old antioxidant
20. Glutathione Efflux and Cell Death
21. Cystatin SN inhibits auranofin-induced cell death by autophagic induction and ROS regulation via glutathione reductase activity in colorectal cancer
22. Glutathione peroxidase activity is neuroprotective in models of Huntington’s disease
23. Cellular glutathione peroxidase in human brain: cellular distribution, and its potential role in the degradation of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
24. Effect of Alloxan on Spontaneous lipolysis and Glutathione System in Isolated Rat Adipocytes
25. Effect of insulin, the glutathione system, and superoxide anion radical in modulation of lipolysis in adipocytes of rats with experimental diabetes
26. Development of insulin resistance and obesity in mice overexpressing cellular glutathione peroxidase
27. Glutathione-S-Transferase M1, obesity, Statins, and Autonomic Effects of Particles
28. Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms, Passive Smoking, obesity, and Heart Rate Variability in Nonsmokers
29. Cytochrome P450-dependent mixed-function oxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in spontaneous obesity-diabetes
30. Glutathione Depletion Prevents Diet‐Induced obesity and Enhances Insulin Sensitivity
31. Hepatic Expression of Adiponectin Receptors Increases with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression in Morbid obesity in Correlation with Glutathione Peroxidase 1
32. Serum Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase in Patients with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
33. Mutant Type Glutathione S-transferase Theta 1 Gene Homologue to mtor in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Possible Clinical Application of Rapamycin
34. P663 Cardiac energy dependence on glucose increases metabolites related to glutathione and activates metabolic genes controlled by mtor.
35. Systemic L-buthionine-S-R-sulfoximine administration modulates glutathione homeostasis via NGF/TrkA and mtor signaling in the cerebellum
36. Glutathione, Stress Responses, and Redox Signaling in Lung inflammation
37. Regulation of redox glutathione levels and gene transcription in lung inflammation: therapeutic approaches
38. Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation: The role of glutathione
39. High-dose oral N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione prodrug, modulates inflammation in cystic fibrosis
40. Role of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidases in gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer
41. Role of glutathione in immunity and inflammation in the lung
42. Regulation of glutathione in inflammation and chronic lung diseases
43. Glutathione Redox Regulates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Airway inflammation in Mice
44. Protein-Deficient Pigs Cannot Maintain Reduced Glutathione Homeostasis When Subjected to the Stress of inflammation
45. Polymorphisms at the glutathione S‐transferase, GSTP1 locus: a novel mechanism for susceptibility and development of atopic airway inflammation
46. Glutathione, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration
47. Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes represent a co-ordinately regulated defence against oxidative stress
48. Importance of SE-glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and CU/ZN-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress
49. Plasma glutathione and glutathione disulfide in the rat: regulation and response to oxidative stress.
50. Neurodegenerative disorders in humans: the role of glutathione in oxidative stress-mediated neuronal death
51. Tissue glutathione, nutrition, and oxidative stress
52. Glutathione Depletion Due to Copper-Induced Phytochelatin Synthesis Causes oxidative stress in Silene cucubalus
53. Glutathione depletion and oxidative stress
54. Renal antioxidant enzymes and glutathione redox status in leptin-induced hypertension
55. Wound tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in leptin treated healthy and diabetic rats.
56. [Effects of glutathione on oxidative stress, leptin and adiponectin in patients with obstructive sleep apnea complicated with metabolic syndrome].
57. leptin sensitizer celastrol, glial calcineurin and hypothalamic glutathione peroxidase 7 – novel entities in weight control and glucose homeostasis

1. Grifolin induces autophagic cell death by inhibiting the Akt/mtor/S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells
2. Grifolin, a potent antitumour natural product upregulates death-associated protein kinase 1 DAPK1 via p53 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
3. Grifolin, a potent antitumour natural product inhibits the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro

1. The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Gynura formosana Kitam. Leaves Inhibited Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation via Induction of autophagy
2. Differential induction of apoptosis and autophagy by pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine in human hepatoma Huh-7.5 cells and its toxic implication
3. First record of Phytophthora drechsleri on Gynura formosana
4. Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity, and Acute Oral Toxicity of Gynura bicolor
5. Gynura procumbens modulates the microtubules integrity and enhances distinct mechanism on doxorubicin and 5-flurouracil-induced breast cancer cell death
6. Effects of light quality on growth, secondary metabolites, and oxidative stress tolerance of Gynura bicolor.
7. Gynura divaricata ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance by modulating insulin signalling, maintaining glycolipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice

1. Hibiscus sabdariffa Leaf Polyphenolic Extract Induces Human Melanoma Cell Death, Apoptosis, and autophagy
2. Delphinidin-rich extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. trigger mitochondria-derived autophagy and necrosis through reactive oxygen species in human breast cancer cells
3. Autophagic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf polyphenols and epicatechin gallate (ECG) against oxidized LDL-induced injury of human endothelial cells
4. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits obesity and fat accumulation, and improves liver steatosis in humans
5. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on high fat diet–induced obesity and liver damage in hamsters
6. Potential use of dietary fibre from Hibiscus sabdariffa and Agave tequilana in obesity management
7. Multi-Targeted Molecular Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Polyphenols: An Opportunity for a Global Approach to obesity
8. Postweaning Consumption of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa May Predispose Rats to Obesity
9. Antidiabetic properties of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. leaf extract fractions on non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse
10. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract attenuates hepatic steatosis through down-regulation of PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c in diet-induced obese mice
11. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calices on Dyslipidemia in obese Adolescents: A Triple-masked Randomized Controlled Trial
12. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Supplementation on Renal Function and Lipidic Profile in obese Rats
13. Effect of different fractions of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extract on islets of Langerhans and antioxidant activity in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse
14. Polyphenols Extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-Induced inflammation by Improving Antioxidative Conditions and Regulating Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression
15. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Methanolic Extract ofHibiscus sabdariffaon CarrageenanInduced inflammation in Wistar Rat
16. Exploring the effect and mechanism of Hibiscus sabdariffa on urinary tract infection and experimental renal inflammation
17. Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. decelerates acetaminophen‐induced acute liver damage by reducing cell death and oxidative stress in mouse experimental models
18. The protective effect of aqueous extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. UKMR-2) against red blood cell membrane oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
19. Anthocyanin – Rich Red Dye of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyx Modulates Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in Rats
20. Hibiscus sabdariffa ethanolic extract protects against dyslipidemia and oxidative stress induced by chronic cholesterol administration in rabbits.
21. The Effect of Green Tea and Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Supplementation on oxidative stress and Muscle Damage in Athletes
22. Infusion of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Modulates oxidative stress in Patients with Marfan Syndrome
23. Efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Telfairia occidentalis in the attenuation of CCl4-mediated oxidative stress
24. Evaluation of the effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on oxidative stress and serum levels of lipids, insulin and hs-CRP in adult patients with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
25. Modulation of oxidative stress in Fatty Liver of Rat with Metabolic Syndrome by Hibiscus Sabdariffa
26. oxidative stress Attenuation in Hiv/Aids Patients on Antiretroviral Drugs by Calyx Juice of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae)
27. Anthocyanin–Rich Red Dye of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Calyx Modulates CdCl2- Induced Hypochromic Microcytic Anaemia and oxidative stress in Rat Red Blood Cells

1. Honokiol‑induced apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma multiforme cells
2. Honokiol activates reactive oxygen species‐mediated cytoprotective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells
3. Honokiol induces autophagy of neuroblastoma cells through activating the PI3K/Akt/mtor and endoplasmic reticular stress/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and suppressing cell migration
4. Magnolol and honokiol exert a synergistic anti-tumor effect through autophagy and apoptosis in human glioblastomas
5. Honokiol exhibits enhanced antitumor effects with chloroquine by inducing cell death and inhibiting autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cell
6. Honokiol Induces Apoptosis, G1 Arrest, and autophagy in KRAS Mutant Lung Cancer Cells
7. Honokiol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo
8. Liposomal honokiol induced lysosomal degradation of Hsp90 client proteins and protective autophagy in both gefitinib-sensitive and gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells
9. Data analyses of honokiol-induced autophagy of human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo
10. Improved effects of honokiol on temozolomide-induced autophagy and apoptosis of drug-sensitive and -tolerant glioma cells
11. Honokiol‑induced apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma multiforme cells
12. Honokiol, a Multifunctional Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Agent
13. Honokiol induces autophagy of neuroblastoma cells through activating the PI3K/Akt/mtor and endoplasmic reticular stress/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and suppressing cell migration
14. Honokiol induces autophagic cell death in malignant glioma through reactive oxygen species-mediated regulation of the p53/PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
15. Honokiol inhibits melanoma stem cells by targeting notch signaling
16. Honokiol triggers the activation of the LKB1–AMPK signaling pathway, thereby leading to the induction of lipolysis
17. We next evaluated the effect of honokiol on lipolysis by Western blotting and confirmed enhanced expression of p-HSL and p-PLIN
18. Honokiol (molecular weight: 266.33; 99.8% purity)36 was provided by Jack Arbiser’s Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Emory University Medical School … In vitro studies show that solar radiation produces TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐11, and IL‐6, inducing lipolysis and decreasing
19. honokiol in an effective amount to increase lipolysis in mature adipocytes
20. Honokiol, magnolol, and a combination of both compounds improve glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
21. Growth Inhibitory Activity of Honokiol through Cell-cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Suppression of Akt/mtor Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
22. Honokiol induces autophagic cell death in malignant glioma through reactive oxygen species-mediated regulation of the p53/PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
23. Honokiol Inhibits Vascular Vessel Formation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells via the Suppression of PECAM and MAPK/mtor Signaling Pathway
24. Honokiol induces autophagy and apoptosis of osteosarcoma through PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
25. mtor signaling pathway is inhibited downstream of the cyclophilin D-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition in honokiol-triggered regulated necrosis
26. Honokiol induces apoptosis and suppresses migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells via AMPK/mtor signaling pathway
27. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase-related oxidative stress-triggered signaling by honokiol suppresses high glucose-induced human endothelial cell apoptosis
28. Protective action of honokiol, administered orally, against oxidative stress in brain of mice challenged with NMDA
29. Honokiol protects rat hearts against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation
30. Honokiol protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via the suppression of oxidative stress, iNOS, inflammation and STAT3 in rats
31. Honokiol Reduces oxidative stress, c-jun-NH2-Termial Kinase Phosphorylation and Protects against Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
32. Honokiol Alleviates oxidative stress-Induced Neurotoxicity via Activation of Nrf2
33. Honokiol Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Type 1 Diabetic Rats by Reducing oxidative stress and Apoptosis through Activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
34. Long‐term supplementation of honokiol and magnolol ameliorates body fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and adipose inflammation in high‐fat fed mice
35. Honokiol Downregulates Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Expression, Attenuates inflammation, and Reduces Histopathology After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
36. Honokiol inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression through inhibition of ultraviolet-induced inflammation and DNA hypermethylation in mouse skin
37. Honokiol Attenuates Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury via the Inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation
38. Honokiol protects skin cells against inflammation, collagenolysis, apoptosis, and senescence caused by cigarette smoke damage
39. Honokiol improved chondrogenesis and suppressed inflammation in human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells via blocking nuclear factor-κB pathway
40. Oral administration of honokiol attenuates airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse model.
41. Effects of Honokiol on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice exposed to PM2.5 and its mechanism
42. Administration of synergistic amounts of modified citrus pectin and honokiol to treat inflammation and anti-oxidant needs
43. Effects of particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice and intervention effect of Honokiol
44. Honokiol abrogates leptin-induced tumor progression by inhibiting Wnt1-MTA1-β-catenin signaling axis in a microRNA-34a dependent manner
45. Honokiol activates LKB1-miR-34a axis and antagonizes the oncogenic actions of leptin in breast cancer

1. Autophagy triggered by magnolol derivative negatively regulates angiogenesis
2. Magnolol-lnduced H460 cells deathvia autophagy but not apoptosis
3. Tiron and trolox potentiate the autophagic cell death induced by magnolol analog Ery5 by activation of Bax in HL-60 cells
4. Magnolol derivative 002C-3 protects brain against ischemia–reperfusion injury via inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy
5. Magnolol, a natural compound, induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via the mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

1. Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati) modulates cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy

1. Huaier extract synergizes with tamoxifen to induce autophagy and apoptosis in ER-positive breast cancer cells
2. Huaier suppresses proliferative and metastatic potential of prostate cancer PC3 cells via downregulation of Lamin B1 and induction of autophagy
3. [Huaier aqueous extract inhibits proliferation of human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells through up-regulation of autophagy].
4. Huaier Extract Induces Autophagic Cell Death by Inhibiting the mtor/S6K Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells
5. Huaier extract synergizes with tamoxifen to induce autophagy and apoptosis in ER-positive breast cancer cells
6. Huaier Extract Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression Through a LncRNA-H19/MiR-675-5p Pathway
7. Huaier aqueous extract protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
8. Huaier polysaccharide induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through p38 MAPK
9. Huaier extract restrains the proliferative potential of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells through increased ATM by suppressing miR-203
10. Huaier extract enhances the treatment efficacy of paclitaxel in breast cancer cells via the NF-κB/IκBα pathway
11. Huaier aqueous extract inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation via JNK/p38 pathway
12. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Study on the Curative Effect of Huaier on Mild-to-Moderate Psoriasis and an Experimental Study on the Proliferation of Hacat Cells
13. A polysaccharide from Huaier ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signaling

1. Autophagy inhibition enhances isorhamnetin‑induced mitochondria‑dependent apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer cells
2. Isorhamnetin: A hepatoprotective flavonoid inhibits apoptosis and autophagy via P38/PPAR-α pathway in mice
3. Isorhamnetin Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Reducing autophagy and Inhibiting Extracellular Matrix Formation via the TGF-β1/Smad3 and TGF-β1/p38 MAPK Pathways
4. Antiviral Effect of Methylated Flavonol Isorhamnetin against Influenza
5. 7-O-geranylquercetin-induced autophagy contributes to apoptosis via ROS generation in human non-small cell lung cancer cells
6. Isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐Glucuronide Suppresses JNK and p38 Activation and Increases Heme‐Oxygenase‐1 in Lipopolysaccharide‐Challenged RAW264.7 Cells
7. FRI0531 THE ARTICULAR PROTECTION EFFECT OF ISORHAMNETIN IN THE RATS OF MONOSODIUM IODOACETATE-INDUCED OSTEOARTHRITIS
8. Water Dropwort, Hyperoside and Isorhamnetin, Regulates the Inflammasome Activation
9. Induction of HO-1 by Isorhamnetin Inhibits COX-2 Expression in Response to inflammation
10. Isorhamnetin glycoside isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) MilI induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through mitochondrial damage
11. isorhamnetin may be beneficial to obesity and steatosis prevention
12. The effect of isorhamnetin glycosides extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica in a mouse model of diet induced obesity
13. Dietary Isorhamnetin Reduces obesity-induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet
14. Isorhamnetin (ISOR), known as 3-O-methylquercetin (Figure 1a), a metabolite of quercetin, is a … Dietary quercetin, ameliorated high fat diet-induced obesity
15. Isorhamnetin revealed that isorhamnetin suppresses the … In vivo studies to observe the effects of SL extract on obesity
16. lipolysis and the … inhibitors of adipose differentiation have been identified, including isorhamnetin
17. Isorhamnetin reduced the mRNA levels of C/EBP α and … expression may impair the barrier function of the protein, thereby leading to enhanced lipolysis
18. Isorhamnetin-3-O … hepatic lipid metabolism is controlled by a balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis processes
19. Isorhamnetin (ISOR), known as 3-O-methylquercetin (Figure 1a), a metabolite of quercetin, is a naturally occurring flavonoid in … essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis in white adipose tissue because, they are involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis
20. Isorhamnetin-3-O … Studies found H. fulva plant extract to be a novel lipolysis-promoting material that sensitized the lipolytic response
21. Isorhamnetin suppresses colon cancer cell growth through the PI3K‑Akt‑mtor pathway
22. O-methylated flavonol isorhamnetin prevents acute inflammation through blocking of NF-κB activation
23. The Antioxidant Effects of Isorhamnetin Contribute to Inhibit COX-2 Expression in Response to inflammation: A Potential Role of HO-1
24. Protective effects of isorhamnetin on apoptosis and inflammation in TNF-α-induced HUVECs injury
25. Induction of HO-1 by Isorhamnetin Inhibits COX-2 Expression in Response to inflammation
26. Isorhamnetin protects against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 and inducing the expression of its target genes
27. AMPK activation by isorhamnetin protects hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
28. Isorhamnetin-3-glucoside alleviates oxidative stress and opacification in selenite cataract in vitro
29. Isorhamnetin attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling and relieving oxidative stress
30. Isorhamnetin attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via modulating cytokines and oxidative stress in mice
31. The cytoprotective effect of isorhamnetin against oxidative stress is mediated by the upregulation of the Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts through scavenging reactive oxygen species and ERK inactivation.
32. Protective effect of isorhamnetin on H9 C2 cell line against oxidative stress
33. Isorhamnetin protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injure by attenuating apoptosis and oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
34. O-Methylated Flavonoid Isorhamnetin Protects against oxidative stress via Activation of Nrf2 and Target Gene Expression
35. Dietary component isorhamnetin is a PPARγ antagonist and ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by diet or leptin deficiency

1. Isorhynchophylline, a natural alkaloid, promotes the degradation of alpha-synuclein in neuronal cells via inducing autophagy
2. Isorhynchophylline, a natural alkaloid, promotes the degradation of α-synuclein in neuronal cells via inducing autophagy. autophagy 2012; 8:98–108
3. Isorhynchophylline: A plant alkaloid with therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases
4. Isorhynchophylline, a natural alkaloid, promotes the degradation of α-synuclein in neuronal cells via inducing autophagy
5. Aberrant autophagy and Parkinsonism: Does Correction Rescue from Disease Progression?
6. Isorhynchophylline improves learning and memory impairments induced by D-galactose in mice
7. Isorhynchophylline Attenuates MPP+-Induced Apoptosis Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress- and Mitochondria-Dependent Pathways in PC12 Cells: Involvement of Antioxidant Activity
8. Isorhynchophylline Treatment Improves the Amyloid-β-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats via Inhibition of Neuronal Apoptosis and Tau Protein Hyperphosphorylation
9. Stereoselective in vitro metabolism of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline epimers of Uncaria rhynchophylla in rat liver microsomes
10. Isorhynchophylline, a Potent Plant Alkaloid, Induces Apoptotic and Anti-Metastatic Effects in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through the Modulation of Diverse Cell Signaling Cascades

1. Neuroprotection of kaempferol by autophagy in models of rotenone-mediated acute toxicity: possible implications for Parkinson’s disease
2. Carcinoma cells activate AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent autophagy as survival response to kaempferol-mediated energetic impairment
3. Kaempferol induces autophagy through AMPK and AKT signaling molecules and causes G2/M arrest via downregulation of CDK1/cyclin B in SK-HEP-1 human hepatic cancer cells
4. The role of kaempferol-induced autophagy on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
5. Cytoprotective effect of kaempferol against palmitic acid-induced pancreatic β-cell death through modulation of autophagy via AMPK/mtor signaling pathway
6. Kaempferol alleviates ox-LDL-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of autophagy via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway in human endothelial cells
7. Kaempferol induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell death via endoplasmic reticulum stress-CHOP-autophagy signaling pathway
8. Kaempferol suppresses proliferation but increases apoptosis and autophagy by up-regulating microRNA-340 in human lung cancer cells
9. The Effects of Kaempferol-Inhibited autophagy on Osteoclast Formation
10. Kaempferol suppresses human gastric cancer SNU-216 cell proliferation, promotes cell autophagy, but has no influence on cell apoptosis
11. Neuroprotection of kaempferol by autophagy in models of rotenone-mediated acute toxicity: possible implications for Parkinson’s disease
12. Kaempferol induces autophagic cell deathvia IRE1-JNK-CHOP pathway and inhibitionof G9a in gastric cancer cells
13. A review of the dietary flavonoid, kaempferol on human health and cancer chemoprevention
14. Kaempferol induces autophagic cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activating AMPK signaling
15. Succinate-induced neuronal mitochondrial fission and hexokinase II malfunction in ischemic stroke: Therapeutical effects of kaempferol
16. Kaempferol Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression by Down-Regulating ERK1/2 and the Activator Protein-1 Signaling Pathways in Oral Cancer Cells
17. kaempferol has antioxidative [17], antimicrobial [15], anti-inflammatory [18], lipolytic [19]
18. Anti-obesity effects of kaempferol by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells
19. Kaempferol Prevents obesity through Inhibiting Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells
20. effect of kaempferol on lipolysis, it is unlikely that kaempferol increases lipolysis
21. kaempferol only inhibits the early stage. Regarding mature adipocytes, the three compounds reduce TG accumulation by activating, at least in part, lipolysis,
22. kaempferol increased lipolysis and restored chronic high fatty acid-impaired glucose uptake
23. Kaempferol alleviates palmitic acid-induced lipid stores, endoplasmic reticulum stress and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through AMPK/mtor-mediated lipophagy
24. Kaempferol Inhibits Angiogenesis by Suppressing HIF-1α and VEGFR2 Activation via ERK/p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mtor Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells
25. A Novel C-Glucosides of Kaempferol Isolated From the Steam-Bark of Ulmus Walli
26. Kaempferol Inhibits Angiogenesis through the Suppression of HIF-1α and VEGFR2 Expression via ERK/p38 MAPK-Dependent and PI3K/AKT/mtor Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells.
27. Effects of Phenol-Depleted and Phenol-Rich Diets on Blood Markers of oxidative stress, and Urinary Excretion of Quercetin and Kaempferol in Healthy Volunteers
28. Protective and detrimental effects of kaempferol in rat H4IIE cells: Implication of oxidative stress and apoptosis
29. Kaempferol Derivatives Prevent oxidative stress–Induced Cell Death in a DJ-1–Dependent Manner
30. Effects of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and its Flavonol Constituents, Kaempferol and Quercetin, on Serum Uric Acid Levels, Biomarkers of oxidative stress and Liver Xanthine Oxidoreductase Aactivity inOxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats
31. Kaempferol Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Regulation of ASK1/MAPK Signaling Pathway and oxidative stress
32. Kaempferol attenuates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac injuries by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress
33. Kaempferol protects against propacetamol-induced acute liver injury through CYP2E1 inactivation, UGT1A1 activation, and attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice
34. Kaempferol and inflammation: From chemistry to medicine
35. Kaempferol Suppresses Eosionphil Infiltration and Airway inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells and in Mice with Allergic Asthma
36. Quercetin and kaempferol suppress immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic inflammation in RBL-2H3 and Caco-2 cells
37. Kaempferol Alleviates the Interleukin-1β-Induced inflammation in Rat Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes via Suppression of NF-κB
38. Blockade of Airway inflammation by Kaempferol via Disturbing Tyk-STAT Signaling in Airway Epithelial Cells and in Asthmatic Mice
39. Inhibitory effects of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside on ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma
40. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-d-glucopyranoside Using Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase and Its Inhibitory Effects on Aldose Reductase, inflammation, and oxidative stress
41. Anti-inflammatory effects of Kaempferol on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation
42. Kaempferol inhibits chemokine expression and attenuates airway inflammation by suppressing STAT/JAK and NF-kB activity in human airway epithelial cells

1. autophagy Inhibitor Chloroquine Enhanced the Cell Death Inducing Effect of the Flavonoid Luteolin in Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
2. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and non-canonical autophagy by luteolin in NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells
3. Posttraumatic administration of luteolin protects mice from traumatic brain injury: Implication of autophagy and inflammation
4. Luteolin alleviates post‐infarction cardiac dysfunction by up‐regulating autophagy through Mst1 inhibition
5. Anti-tumor activities of luteolin and silibinin in glioblastoma cells: overexpression of miR-7-1-3p augmented luteolin and silibinin to inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in glioblastoma in vivo
6. Luteolin Attenuates Foam Cell Formation and Apoptosis in Ox-LDL-Stimulated Macrophages by Enhancing autophagy
7. Luteolin Promotes Cell Apoptosis by Inducing autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
8. The Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin Decreases Neuroinflammation and Stimulates autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease Model
9. The Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin Decreases autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury
10. Luteolin decreases the UVA‑induced autophagy of human skin fibroblasts by scavenging ROS
11. Anti-tumor activities of luteolin and silibinin in glioblastoma cells: overexpression of miR-7-1-3p augmented luteolin and silibinin to inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in glioblastoma in vivo
12. Molecular targets of luteolin in cancer
13. The flavonoid luteolin enhances doxorubicin-induced autophagy in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells
14. Luteolin promotes the sensitivity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer by decreasing PRPA1-medicated autophagy.
15. Luteolin: A Flavonoid that Has Multiple Cardio-Protective Effects and Its Molecular Mechanisms
16. Luteolin and Apigenin Attenuate 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Mediated Cell Death through Modulation of UPR, Nrf2-ARE and MAPK Pathways in PC12 Cells
17. Protective effects of luteolin-7-O-glucoside against starvation-induced injury through upregulation of autophagy in H9c2 Cells
18. Caspase Activation and Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase/Akt Inhibition Were Involved in Luteolin‐Induced Apoptosis in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells
19. Luteolin Induces Apoptosis and autophagy in Mouse Macrophage ANA-1 Cells via the Bcl-2 Pathway
20. RECENT UPDATES ON NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LUTEOLIN
21. Luteolin-induced apoptosis through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors in pheochromocytoma cells
22. Luteolin exerts an anticancer effect on NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells through the induction of Sirt1-mediated apoptosis
23. luteolin suppressed adipogenic and lipogenic genes in the cells, while lipolytic genes
24. Luteolin can maintain fasting blood glucose in normal levels and thus prevent lipolysis.
25. Luteolin protects against high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits in obesity mice
26. Brain “fog,” inflammation and obesity: key aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders improved by luteolin
27. Luteolin Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance Through the Interplay Between the Liver and Adipose Tissue in Mice with Diet-Induced obesity
28. Low‐dose diet supplement of a natural flavonoid, luteolin, ameliorates diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice
29. Luteolin reduces obesity-associated insulin resistance in mice by activating AMPKα1 signalling in adipose tissue macrophages
30. Luteolin Prevents Cardiometabolic Alterations and Vascular Dysfunction in Mice With HFD-Induced obesity
31. Luteolin-Enriched Artichoke Leaf Extract Alleviates the Metabolic Syndrome in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced obesity
32. Modulating effect of luteolin on ethanol and cerulein induced inflammation— In silico and in vivo studies using rat model of pancreatitis
33. Combination of curcumin and Luteolin synergistically inhibits TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation in human vascular cells and mice
34. Investigating the Effect of Luteolin on Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Male Rats
35. Luteolin Ameliorates Gut inflammation by Inhibition of NF-?B Activation in in vivo and in vitro inflammation Models
36. Effects of luteolin on inflammation and immune function
37. [The inhibitory effect of luteolin on inflammation in LPS-induced microglia].
38. Quercetin, luteolin and epigallocatechin gallate alleviate TXNIP and NLRP3-mediated inflammation and apoptosis with regulation of AMPK in endothelial cells
39. Brain “fog,” inflammation and obesity: key aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders improved by luteolin
40. Luteolin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice through inhibition of platinum accumulation, inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney
41. LUTEOLIN REDUCES CARDIAC DYSFUNCTIONS AND MITOCHONDRIAL oxidative stress IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
42. Luteolin Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by oxidative stress
43. Luteolin extracted from Platycodon grandiflorum protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced caspase-3 dependent apoptosis
44. LUTEOLIN HAS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL THROUGH THE REGULATION OF oxidative stress IN CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER: MP84-17
45. Flavonoids as protective agents against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin in systemic circulation. Potent protective activity and microbial synergism of luteolin
46. Fisetin and luteolin protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death and regulate inflammation
47. Luteolin attenuate the d-galactose-induced renal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation
48. Luteolin rescues pentylenetetrazole-induced cognitive impairment in epileptic rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling

1. Antitumor effect of matrine in human hepatoma G2 cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy
2. Matrine, a novel autophagy inhibitor, blocks trafficking and the proteolytic activation of lysosomal proteases
3. JNK-Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-Bax/Bak Pathway Mediates the Crosstalk between Matrine-Induced autophagy and Apoptosis via Interplay with Beclin 1
4. Matrine induces Akt/mtor signalling inhibition‐mediated autophagy and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia cells
5. Matrine-induced autophagy regulated by p53 through AMP-activated protein kinase in human hepatoma cells
6. autophagy is involved in anticancer effects of matrine on SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells
7. Matrine‑induced autophagy counteracts cell apoptosis via the ERK signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells
8. Involvement of β‑catenin in matrine‑induced autophagy and apoptosis in WB‑F344 cells
9. Matrine suppresses KRAS‐driven pancreatic cancer growth by inhibiting autophagy‐mediated energy metabolism
10. [Matrine inhibits proliferation and promotes autophagy and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by deactivating PI3K/AKT/mtor pathway].
11. Blocking Autophagic Flux Enhances Matrine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cells
12. Protective role of autophagy in matrine‑induced gastric cancer cell death
13. JNK-Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-Bax/Bak Pathway Mediates the Crosstalk between Matrine-Induced autophagy and Apoptosis via Interplay with Beclin 1
14. Matrine induces Akt/mtor signalling inhibition‐mediated autophagy and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia cells
15. Matrine induces programmed cell death and regulates expression of relevant genes based on PCR array analysis in C6 glioma cells
16. Matrine‑induced autophagy counteracts cell apoptosis via the ERK signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells
17. Involvement of β‑catenin in matrine‑induced autophagy and apoptosis in WB‑F344 cells
18. Autophagic death induced by matrine in BEL-7402 cells
19. Anticancer Advances of Matrine and Its Derivatives
20. Potentiation of resveratrol-induced apoptosis by matrine in human hepatoma HepG2 cells
21. Effect of matrine on transforming growth factor β1 and hepatocyte growth factor in rat liver fibrosis model
22. Synthesis and biological evaluation of matrine derivatives containing benzo-α-pyrone structure as potent anti-lung cancer agents
23. Anti-tumor effect of matrine combined with cisplatin on rat models of cervical cancer
24. The effect of matrine on adriamycin-induced podocyte injury and the function of mtor signaling pathway
25. Matrine Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects on Mice: Role of the Hippocampal PI3K/Akt/mtor Signaling
26. Matrine induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
27. [Matrine inhibits proliferation and promotes autophagy and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by deactivating PI3K/AKT/mtor pathway].
28. Matrine Protects Against MCD-Induced Development of NASH via Upregulating HSP72 and Downregulating mtor in a Manner Distinctive From Metformin
29. Matrine improves skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligases and activating the Akt/mtor/FoxO3α signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes and mice
30. Impact of matrine on inflammation related factors in rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells
31. Matrine attenuates allergic airway inflammation and eosinophil infiltration by suppressing eotaxin and Th2 cytokine production in asthmatic mice
32. Matrine protects neuro-axon from CNS inflammation-induced injury
33. Prevention of ocular inflammation by matrine, prednisolone, and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors.
34. Matrine suppresses airway inflammation by downregulating SOCS3 expression via inhibition of NF-κB signaling in airway epithelial cells and asthmatic mice
35. [Effect of matrine on NO and ADMA metabolism pathways in serum and tissues of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced intestine tissue inflammation].
36. [Effects of matrine on airway inflammation and early airway remodeling in asthmatic mice].
37. The Matrine Derivate MASM Prolongs Survival, Attenuates inflammation, and Reduces Organ Injury in Murine Established Lethal Sepsis
38. Matrine reduces cigarette smoke-induced airway neutrophilic inflammation by enhancing neutrophil apoptosis.
39. Neuroprotective effects of matrine on scopolamine-induced amnesia via inhibition of AChE/BuChE and oxidative stress
40. Matrine attenuates oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via maintaining AMPKα/UCP2 pathway
41. Matrine Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Aging-Related Behavior in Mice via Inhibition of Cellular Senescence and oxidative stress

1. Cotyledon cells of Vigna mungo seedlings use at least two distinct autophagic machineries for degradation of starch granules and cellular components
2. Connections between dictyosomes, ER and GERL in cotyledons of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
3. Chemistry and technology of green gram (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek)
4. Protein bodies of mung bean cotyledons as autophagic organelles
5. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cotyledon Senescence During Early Seedling Stage of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
6. Involvement of carboxypeptidase in the degradation of the mung bean (Vigna radiata) trypsin inhibitor during germination and early seedling growth
7. Relationship between loss of desiccation tolerance and programmed cell death (PCD) in mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds
8. Ameliorative effect of melatonin on meristematic cells of chilled and re-warmed Vigna radiata roots
9. The first possibility is that MBT may activate AMPK-induced lipolysis. AMPK is a critical regulator of leptin-induced fatty acid metabolism and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. 12–14 Even though vitexin in mung bean extracts increased AMPK protein expression
10. Effects of Mung-Bean and Black-Bean ethanol extracts on inflammation related to obesity in the high fat induced obesity model
11. Mung Bean-Derived Protein Protects Against Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Animal Model of Menopause with obesity
12. Physiological Effects of Mung Bean Starch RS-3 on the obesity Index and Adipose Cell Profile of Sprague-Dawley Rats
13. lipolytic activity of the mung bean lipase
14. Mung bean protein hydrolysates … hypocaloric diets: effects on weight loss and mitochondrial oxidation in obese
15. mung bean protein (MPI) suppresses hepatic lipogenesis in rodent models and reduces fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels in obese adults.
16. mung bean hulls have high potential as a new feedstock for xylitol production. In addressing the current concerns of obesity
17. mung bean coat (MBC … db/db Mice are leptin receptor-deficient and are considered to be an animal model of type 2 diabetes because mice are obese,
18. mung bean can be quite beneficial for planning the diets of diabetic, obese and patients
19. Arsenic-induced root growth inhibition in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) is due to oxidative stress resulting from enhanced lipid peroxidation
20. Changes in oxidative stress defense system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars grown with and without mineral nutrients and irradiated by supplemental ultraviolet-B
21. Cadmium causes oxidative stress in mung bean by affecting the antioxidant enzyme system and ascorbate-glutathione cycle metabolism
22. Mobile phone radiation inhibits Vigna radiata (mung bean) root growth by inducing oxidative stress
23. oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism in mung bean seedlings after lead and cadmium treatments
24. Caffeic acid inhibits in vitro rooting in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] hypocotyls by inducing oxidative stress
25. Dimethoate modifies enhanced UV-B effects on growth, photosynthesis and oxidative stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings: Implication of salicylic acid
26. Protective role of mannitol against the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.): Changes in antioxidant defense systems
27. Dietary Mung Bean Protein Reduces Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrosis, and inflammation in Male Mice with Diet-Induced, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
28. Fermented composition of mung bean hulls, method for forming thereof, and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation composition using the same

1. Muscadine Grape Skin Extract Induces an Unfolded Protein Response-Mediated autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells: A TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis
2. Attenuation of obesity by tocotrienol and application of muscadine grape seed oil as its food based delivery system
3. muscadine grapes … rice bran oil and may offer an alternative solution to attenuate high fat diet-mediated obesity
4. Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) and Wine Phytochemicals Prevented obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications in C57BL/6J Mice
5. Nutraceutical Values of Muscadine against obesity and Metabolic Complications in-vivo
6. Correction to Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) and Wine Phytochemicals Prevented obesity Associated Metabolic Complications in C57BL/6J Mice
7. Attenuation of obesity by tocotrienol and application of muscadine grape seed oil as its food based delivery system
8. Muscadine Juice, Wine and Dealcoholized wine 125 … Thus under normal conditions, insulin suppresses glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver, and inhibits lipolysis
9. muscadine or peppervine … increase heart rate, release energy from glucose and glycogen, increase muscle readiness and induce lipolysis
10. muscadine extracts being more effective … The spoilage microorganisms including yeasts and moulds and lipolytic
11. muscadine or peppervine …Zucker rats are known to have reduced response to stimulators of lipolysis,
12. muscadine grape poly … are maintained in abdominally obese men through a reduction in lipolytic
13. Muscadine Grape Extract Prevents Proliferation of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells in Association with a Decrease in Phosphorylation of AKT and mtor
14. Polyphenolics from Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and Red Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) Protect Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) from Glucose- and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced inflammation and Target MicroRNA-126
15. Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grape) Extracts in the Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate Model of Ear inflammation
16. Muscadine grape seed oil as a novel source of tocotrienols to reduce adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation
17. Muscadine grape pomace in the treatment of intestinal inflammation
18. Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) or Wine Phytochemicals Reduce Intestinal inflammation in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis
19. Muscadine Skin Nutraceutical Extract Is Highly Anti-Inflammatory In The TPA Model Of Topical inflammation
20. Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) or Wine Supplement Alleviates Intestinal inflammation in a Chronic Colitis Mice Model
21. Identification and Characterization of Tocotrienols in Muscadine Grape Seed Oil and their Inhibitory Effects on Adipogenesis and inflammation
22. Ocular endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation is attenuated by supplementation with muscadine grape polyphenols in vitro and in vivo (1045.2)
23. Abstract P3052: A Muscadine Grape Extract Improves Hypertension-Induced Aortic Damage in Conjunction With a Reduction in Fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation
24. Abstract P2007: Muscadine Grape Extract Prevents Cardiac Cell Cytotoxicity Due to oxidative stress by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function
25. Muscadine Grape Extract Improves Exercise Capacity and Reduces oxidative stress in Aging Transgenic (mRen2)27 Hypertensive Female Rats

1. Myrrh induces apoptosis and autophagy and enhances the activity of cisplatin in vitro.
2. Polyphenol content influences the course of obesity disease, Aqueous extract … myrtillus L. Ericaceae, Lowering blood glucose levels (active component: myrtillin
3. Most important of these is reduction of obesity by low calorie diets … The extract was given the name myrtillin (Myrtomel Squibb)
4. myrtillin, soon discredited because of their … As with insulin, these drugs might find misapplication in the obese
5. Myrtillin, Glucosone etc., etc. 7. Use of insulin in non -diabetic conditions … From these figures Joslin concludes that diab- etes is largely a penalty of obesity

1. Protection by Naringin and Some Other Flavonoids of Hepatocytic autophagy and Endocytosis against Inhibition by Okadaic Acid
2. Naringin induces autophagy-mediated growth inhibition by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mtor cascade via activation of MAPK pathways in AGS cancer cells
3. Naringin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage
4. Naringin-sensitive protein phosphorylation pathways in the regulation of hepatocytic autophagy
5. Therapeutic Potential of Naringin for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Involvement of autophagy Against oxidative stress-Induced Apoptosis in Nucleus Pulposus Cells
6. Naringin Attenuates Autophagic Stress and Neuroinflammation in Kainic Acid-Treated Hippocampus In Vivo
7. Naringin supplementation lowers plasma lipids and enhances erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in hypercholesterolemic subjects
8. Naringin in Ganshuang Granule suppresses activation of hepatic stellate cells for anti‐fibrosis effect by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin
9. Therapeutic effects of silymarin and naringin on methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Biochemical evaluation of anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic properties
10. Naringin attenuates granule cell dispersion in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
11. Okadaic acid-induced, naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of glycine N-methyltransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes
12. A spectroscopic study of the interaction of the antioxidant naringin with bovine serum albumin
13. Naringin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Peroxynitrite-Mediated Mitophagy Activation
14. Natural dietary compound naringin prevents azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colorectal inflammation and carcinogenesis in mice
15. naringin in acute … food consisting of Salacia Reticula has shown a significant lipolytic effect
16. Naringin Improves Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction and obesity in High Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet-Fed Rats
17. Naringin Improves Neuronal Insulin Signaling, Brain Mitochondrial Function, and Cognitive Function in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese Mice
18. Naringin Activates AMPK Resulting in Altered Expression of SREBPs, PCSK9, and LDLR To Reduce Body Weight in obese C57BL/6J Mice
19. Combination effect naringin and pravastatin in lipid profile and glucose in obese rats
20. Naringin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via attenuation of inflammation, apoptosis and MAPK pathways
21. [Research progress on Drynaria fortunei naringin on inflammation and bone activity].
22. Protective effect of naringin against ankylosing spondylitis via ossification, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice
23. Naringin regulates cholesterol homeostasis and inhibits inflammation via modulating NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways in vitro
24. Natural dietary compound naringin prevents azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colorectal inflammation and carcinogenesis in mice
25. Naringin at a nutritional dose modulates expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in liver of mice fed a high-fat diet
26. Naringin protects acrolein-induced pulmonary injuries through modulating apoptotic signaling and inflammation signaling pathways in mice
27. Naringin As Natural Fruit Product And Bitter Taste Agonist Induces Relaxation Of Airway SmoothMuscle Cells Via Intracellular Calcium Signaling
28. P18. Treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures/defect in rats by naringin/hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite scaffolds in regulation of osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis and inflammation
29. Protective Effects of Rutin and Naringin in Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced oxidative stress in Rats
30. Naringin Reduces Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis by Relieving oxidative stress
31. Preconditioning L6 Muscle Cells with Naringin Ameliorates oxidative stress and Increases Glucose Uptake
32. Naringin ameliorates cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in a type 2 diabetic rat model
33. Naringin alleviates early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis
34. Naringin Reverses Hepatocyte Apoptosis and oxidative stress Associated with HIV-1 Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors-Induced Metabolic Complications
35. Inhibition of the leptin-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway contributes to the protective effects of naringin against high glucose-induced injury in H9c2

1. Usnic Acid Induces Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
2. The Role of Autophagy in Usnic Acid-Induced Toxicity in Hepatic Cells
3. The role of usnic acid-induced apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma
4. 869 The lichen compound usnic acid disturbs mitochondrial function and induces autophagy in cancer cells
5. Usnea barbata toxicity INTRODUCTION …Subsequently, 2,4- dinitrophenol was formulated into an anti-obesity drug

1. Oleanolic acid induces protective autophagy in cancer cells through the JNK and mtor pathways
2. Methyl 3-hydroxyimino-11-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate (HIMOXOL), a synthetic oleanolic acid derivative, induces both apoptosis and autophagy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
3. Oleanolic acid inhibits proliferation and invasiveness of Kras-transformed cells via autophagy
4. SZC015, a synthetic oleanolic acid derivative, induces both apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
5. SZC017, a novel oleanolic acid derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human breast cancer cells
6. The dual induction of apoptosis and autophagy by SZC014, a synthetic oleanolic acid derivative, in gastric cancer cells via NF-κB pathway
7. AMPK activation-dependent autophagy compromises oleanolic acid-induced cytotoxicity in human bladder cancer cells
8. Induction of autophagy by an oleanolic acid derivative, SZC017, promotes ROS‐dependent apoptosis through Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human lung cancer cells
9. Oleanolic acid but not ursolic acid induces cell death in HepG2 cells under starvation-induced autophagy
10. Alleviation of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Oleanolic Acid Pretreating via Reducing HMGB1 Release and Inhibiting Apoptosis and autophagy
11. Oleanolic acid induces protective autophagy in cancer cells through the JNK and mtor pathways
12. Oleanolic acid induced autophagic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via PI3K/Akt/mtor and ROS-dependent pathway
13. Oleanolic acid induces autophagic death in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
14. Oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of lung carcinoma cells by miR-122/Cyclin G1/MEF2D axis
15. Oleanolic Acid Alters Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways: Implication in Cancer Prevention and Therapy
16. Oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of human bladder cancer by Akt/mtor/S6K and ERK1/2 signaling
17. Synthesis and proapoptotic activity of oleanolic acid derived amides
18. ERK inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to oleanolic acid-induced apoptosis through ERK/Nrf2/ROS pathway
19. Oleanolic acid induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest in gallbladder cancer cells
20. 3-O-[N-(p-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-carbamoyl]-oleanolic acid, a semisynthetic analog of oleanolic acid, induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells
21. Caveolin-1 plays a key role in the oleanolic acid-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells
22. Oleanolic acid, a natural triterpenoid improves blood glucose tolerance in normal mice and ameliorates visceral obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet
23. Oleanolic acid improves diet-induced obesity by modulating fat preference and inflammation in mice
24. The therapeutic effects of an oleanolic acid derivative in diet induced obesity
25. 2030-P: BS-016, a Novel Oleanolic Acid Derivative, Exerts Antidiabetic and Anti-obesity Effects in Preclinical Studies
26. Pomace Olive Oil Enriched In Oleanolic Acid Improves Diet-Induced obesity And Exerts Protective Effects In Vascular Dysfunction And Metabolic Parameters
27. [Oleanolic acid-stimulated lipolysis in primary adipocytes and its mechanisms].
28. Inhibition of mtor signaling by oleanolic acid contributes to its anti‐tumor activity in osteosarcoma cells†
29. Oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of human bladder cancer by Akt/mtor/S6K and ERK1/2 signaling
30. Oleanolic acid induced autophagic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via PI3K/Akt/mtor and ROS-dependent pathway
31. Protosappanin‐A and oleanolic acid protect injured podocytes from apoptosis through inhibition of AKT‐mtor signaling
32. Inhibition of mtor signaling by oleanolic acid contribute to its anti-tumor activity in osteosarcoma cells
33. Oleanolic acid and N-acetylcysteine ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through reduction of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a type 2 diabetic rat model
34. Identification of a novel oxidative stress induced cell death by Sorafenib and oleanolic acid in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
35. Protective effects of oleanolic acid on oxidative stress and the expression of cytokines and collagen by the AKT/NF‑κB pathway in silicotic rats
36. Oleanolic acid protects against oxidative stress‑induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury by activating AKT/eNOS signaling
37. Oleanolic acid controls oxidative stress and expression of the anti-inflammatory protein netrin-1 to protect against autoimmune encephalomyelitis
38. Effect of Oleanolic Acid on Complement in Adjuvant‐ and Carrageenan‐induced inflammation in Rats
39. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Oleanolic Acid on LPS-Induced inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo
40. Antioxidant inflammation modulators: oleanolic acid derivatives with saturation in the C-ring
41. Antioxidant inflammation modulators: C-17 homologated oleanolic acid derivatives
42. Antioxidant inflammation modulators: novel derivatives of oleanolic acid
43. Antioxidant inflammation modulators: oleanolic acid derivatives with amino and other modifications at C-17
44. Oleanolic acid suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and Th2-mediated allergic asthma by modulating the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt and Foxp3 in asthmatic mice

1. Onjisaponin B Derived from Radix Polygalae Enhances autophagy and Accelerates the Degradation of Mutant α-Synuclein and Huntingtin in PC-12 Cells

1. Ophiopogonin B-induced autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
2. Ophiopogonin B induces apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe and autophagy in A549 cells
3. [Molecular mechanism of ophiopogonin B induced cellular autophagy of human cervical cancer HeLa cells].
4. Ophiopogonin B sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through activation of autophagy flux and downregulates cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein
5. Ophiopogonin B induces the autophagy and apoptosis of colon cancer cells by activating JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway

1. autophagy Preceded Apoptosis in Oridonin-Treated Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells
2. Oridonin Induced autophagy in Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells Through Ras, JNK, and P38 Regulation
3. Augmentation of Oridonin-Induced Apoptosis Observed With Reduced autophagy
4. Molecular mechanisms of oridonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells
5. autophagy inhibits reactive oxygen species‐mediated apoptosis via activating p38‐nuclear factor‐kappa B survival pathways in oridonin‐treated murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells
6. Apoptosis-suppressing and autophagy-promoting effects of calpain on oridonin-induced L929 cell death
7. Oridonin Up-regulates Expression of P21 and Induces autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
8. Reactive oxygen species contribute to oridonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells
9. NF-κb facilitates oridonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HT1080 cells through a p53-mediated pathway
10. Involvement of PKC signal pathways in oridonin-induced autophagy in HeLa cells: A protective mechanism against apoptosis
11. Oridonin: An active diterpenoid targeting cell cycle arrest, apoptotic and autophagic pathways for cancer therapeutics
12. autophagy counteracts apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells exposed to oridonin in vitro via regulating intracellular ROS and SIRT1
13. Oridonin phosphate-induced autophagy effectively enhances cell apoptosis of human breast cancer cells
14. Inactivation of Ras and Changes of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Contribute to Oridonin-Induced autophagy in A431 Cells
15. Inhibition of c‐Met promoted apoptosis, autophagy and loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in oridonin‐induced A549 lung cancer cells
16. autophagy enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by oridonin-treated human histocytic lymphoma U937 cells
17. Oridonin: targeting programmed cell death pathways as an anti‐tumour agent
18. Study on the autophagy of Prostate Cancer PC‐3 Cells Induced by Oridonin
19. Oridonin induces autophagy via inhibition of glucose metabolism in p53-mutated colorectal cancer cells
20. Nitric oxide augments oridonin-induced efferocytosis by human histocytic lymphoma U937 cells via autophagy and the NF-κB-COX-2-IL-1β pathway
21. Synergistic anticancer effects of combined γ-tocotrienol and oridonin treatment is associated with the induction of autophagy
22. Hydroxyl Radical (·OH) Played a Pivotal Role in Oridonin-Induced Apoptosis and autophagy in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma A431 Cells
23. Recent advances in the molecular basis of anti-neoplastic mechanisms of oridonin
24. Oridonin induces apoptosis and autophagy in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells partly via NO-ERK-p53 positive-feedback loop signaling pathway
25. Molecular Insight in the Multifunctional Effects of Oridonin
26. Oridonin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer through Apaf-1, cytochrome c and caspase-3 signaling pathway
27. [Mechanism of downregulation of apoptosis by autophagy induced by oridonin in HeLa cells].
28. Downregulation of Cdk1 and CyclinB1 Expression Contributes to Oridonin-induced Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Phase and Growth Inhibition in SGC-7901 Gastric Cancer Cells
29. Inhibition of caspase-9 by oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, augments apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells
30. Reactive oxygen species H2O2 and OH, but not O2− promote oridonin-induced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by human histocytic lymphoma U937 cells
31. Oridonin in combination with imatinib exerts synergetic anti-leukemia effect in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro by inhibiting activation of LYN/mtor signaling pathway
32. Oridonin Suppresses Proliferation of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells via Blockage of mtor Signaling.
33. Synergistic effect of oridonin and a PI3K/mtor inhibitor on the non-germinal center B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma
34. Oridonin‐induced mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mtor and Ras/Raf pathways
35. Oridonin inhibits metastasis of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the mtor pathway
36. Oridonin Sensitizes Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis via AMPK/Akt/mtor-Dependent Autophagosome Accumulation in A549 Cells
37. Inhibition of EGFR signaling augments oridonin-induced apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells via enhancing oxidative stress coincident with activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways
38. Effects of Oridonin on growth performance and oxidative stress in broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide
39. The tyrphostin AG1478 augments oridonin-induced A431 cell apoptosis by blockage of JNK MAPK and enhancement of oxidative stress
40. Proteomic and functional analyses demonstrate the involvement of oxidative stress in the anticancer activities of oridonin in HepG2 cells
41. Oridonin protects LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and Nrf2-independent NLRP3 and NF-κB pathways
42. Oridonin inhibits vascular inflammation by blocking NF-κB and MAPK activation
43. Oridonin inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts by activating PPARγ
44. Oridonin inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes by activating PPAR-γ

1. autophagy inhibition promotes paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in cancer cells
2. The chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel inhibits autophagy through two distinct mechanisms that regulate apoptosis
3. Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in the regulation of paclitaxel-induced cell death in v-Ha-ras-transformed fibroblasts
4. autophagy promotes paclitaxel resistance of cervical cancer cells: involvement of Warburg effect activated hypoxia-induced factor 1-α-mediated signaling
5. The Stent-Eluting Drugs Sirolimus and Paclitaxel Suppress Healing of the Endothelium by Induction of autophagy
6. Re-expression of ARHI (DIRAS3) induces autophagy in breast cancer cells and enhances the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel
7. TXNDC17 promotes paclitaxel resistance via inducing autophagy in ovarian cancer
8. Autophagy is the dominant type of programmed cell death in breast cancer MCF-7 cells exposed to AGS 115 and EFDAC, new sesquiterpene analogs of paclitaxel.
9. Inhibition of autophagy enhances the effects of the AKT inhibitor MK‐2206 when combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in BRAF wild‐type melanoma
10. miR-16 targets Bcl-2 in paclitaxel-resistant lung cancer cells and overexpression of miR-16 along with miR-17 causes unprecedented sensitivity by simultaneously modulating autophagy and apoptosis
11. Paclitaxel resistance is associated with switch from apoptotic to autophagic cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
12. Differential Expression of autophagy in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells Treated with Various Anti-Cancer Drug
13. autophagy regulates resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells to paclitaxel
14. Blockade of autophagy Aggravates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Improves Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells
15. Suppression of autophagy enhances preferential toxicity of paclitaxel to folliculin-deficient renal cancer cells
16. A novel C,D-spirolactone analogue of paclitaxel: autophagy instead of apoptosis as a previously unknown mechanism of cytotoxic action for taxoids
17. autophagy inhibition re-sensitizes pulse stimulation-selected paclitaxel-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis
18. Cytoprotective role of autophagy during paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells
19. Effect of autophagy inhibition on chemotherapy‑induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells
20. Glucosylceramide Synthase Protects Glioblastoma Cells Against Autophagic and Apoptotic Death Induced by Temozolomide and Paclitaxel
21. autophagy inhibition enhances sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma cells to paclitaxel
22. Paclitaxel and the dietary flavonoid fisetin: a synergistic combination that induces mitotic catastrophe and autophagic cell death in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells
23. miR-17-5p Downregulation Contributes to Paclitaxel Resistance of Lung Cancer Cells through Altering Beclin1 Expression
24. Effect of autophagy on paclitaxel-induced CaSki cell death.
25. Regulation of paclitaxel-induced programmed cell death by autophagic induction: A model for cervical cancer
26. Combination of Cl-IB-MECA with paclitaxel is a highly effective cytotoxic therapy causing mtor-dependent autophagy and mitotic catastrophe on human melanoma cells
27. Inhibition of REDD1 Sensitizes Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma to Paclitaxel by Inhibiting autophagy
28. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor RAD001 sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis via the induction of autophagy
29. Sensitization of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by dichloroacetate through inhibiting autophagy
30. Toxicity and Prognosis in Overweight and obese Women With Lung Cancer Receiving Carboplatin-Paclitaxel Doublet Chemotherapy
31. 5PSQ-063 More risk of neutropaenia in obese patients treated with paclitaxel?
32. Less myelotoxicity in obese patients with weekly paclitaxel in localized breast cáncer
33. Safety and pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and the oral mtor inhibitor everolimus in advanced solid tumours
34. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) by rapamycin increases chemosensitivity of CaSki cells to paclitaxel
35. Colocalized Delivery of Rapamycin and Paclitaxel to Tumors Enhances Synergistic Targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mtor Pathway
36. Micro RNA 100 sensitizes luminal A breast cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment in part by targeting mtor
37. The dual PI3K/mtor inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer
38. Significant response after treatment with the mtor inhibitor sirolimus in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in metastatic melanoma patients
39. Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth with nanoemulsion-loaded paclitaxel and PI3K/mtor dual inhibitor BEZ235 through apoptosis
40. Differential Healing After Sirolimus, Paclitaxel, and Bare Metal Stent Placement in Combination With Peroxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor γ Agonists
41. A Phase Ib Trial of RAD001, an mtor Inhibitor, with Weekly Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients with HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.
42. Dual PI3K/mtor inhibitor BEZ235 as a promising therapeutic strategy against paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer via targeting PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway
43. Differential Response of Delayed Healing and Persistent inflammation at Sites of Overlapping Sirolimus- or Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents
44. Antitumor Effect of Paclitaxel Is Mediated by Inhibition of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Chronic inflammation in the Spontaneous Melanoma Model
45. Endothelium-Dependent Vasomotor Dysfunction in Pig Coronary Arteries With Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents Is Associated With inflammation and oxidative stress
46. Tumor suppression via paclitaxel-loaded drug carriers that target inflammation marker upregulated in tumor vasculature and macrophages
47. Paclitaxel-induced Arterial Wall Toxicity and inflammation: Part 2—Long-term Tissue Response in a Minipig Model
48. Paclitaxel-induced Arterial Wall Toxicity and inflammation: Tissue Uptake in Various Dose Densities in a Minipig Model
49. Paclitaxel Coating Inhibits inflammation Surrounding Subcutaneously Implanted Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) Hemodialysis Grafts in Rabbit Model
50. inflammation of actinic keratoses during paclitaxel chemotherapy
51. Paclitaxel Coating Inhibits inflammation Around theSubcutaneously Transplanted Expanded PolytetrafluoroethyleneHemodialysis Graft in Rabbit Model
52. Involvement of oxidative stress and caspase activation in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of primary effusion lymphoma cells
53. Paclitaxel combined with inhibitors of glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism enhances breast cancer cell killing via H2O2-mediated oxidative stress
54. oxidative stress in the development, maintenance and resolution of paclitaxel-induced painful neuropathy
55. oxidative stress induced in rat liver by anticancer drugs doxorubicin, paclitaxel and docetaxel
56. Systemic toxicity induced by paclitaxel in vivo is associated with the solvent cremophor EL through oxidative stress-driven mechanisms
57. Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and baicalein in nanoemulsions to overcome multidrug resistance via oxidative stress augmentation and P-glycoprotein inhibition
58. Paclitaxel-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Living Rats Is Prevented by Nicorandil via Reduction of oxidative stress
59. MiR-4673 Modulates Paclitaxel-Induced oxidative stress and Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by Targeting 8-Oxoguanine-DNA Glycosylase-1

1. Modified Panax ginseng extract regulates autophagy by AMPK signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells
2. Increase in apoptotic effect of Panax ginseng by microwave processing in human prostate cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies
3. Protective effects of Panax ginseng on muscle injury and inflammation after eccentric exercise
4. Saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng prevent obesity via regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice
5. Effect of ginsam, a vinegar extract from Panax ginseng, on body weight and glucose homeostasis in an obese insulin-resistant rat model
6. Influence of Panax ginseng on obesity and gut microbiota in obese middle-aged Korean women
7. Panax ginseng Leaf Extracts Exert Anti-obesity Effects in High-Fat Diet-Induced obese Rats
8. Anti-obese Function of Polysaccharides derived from Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and Development of Functional Food Material in Preventing obesity
9. Antiobesity Effects of Panax Ginseng Supercitical Fluid Extract in High-Fat Diet Fed obese Mice
10. Anti-obesity Effect of Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extracts of Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer
11. Effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on obesity and adipose inflammation in ovariectomized mice
12. Anti-obesity effects of protopanaxdiol types of Ginsenosides isolated from the leaves of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in mice fed with a high-fat diet
13. Panax notoginsenoside saponins Rb1 regulates the expressions of Akt/ mtor/PTEN signals in the hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia in rats
14. Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on severe acute pancreatitis through the regulation of mtor/Akt and caspase-3 signaling pathway by upregulating miR-181b expression in rats
15. Panax notoginseng saponins promote liver regeneration through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mtor cell proliferation pathway and upregulation of the AKT/Bad cell survival pathway in mice
16. Panax ginseng reduces oxidative stress and restores antioxidant capacity in aged rats
17. Implications of red Panax ginseng in oxidative stress associated chronic diseases
18. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract counteracts the oxidative stress in rats fed multi-mycotoxins-contaminated diet
19. Influence of fluoride on streptozotocin induced diabetic nephrotoxicity in mice: Protective role of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) & banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) on mitochondrial oxidative stress
20. Panax ginseng Meyer prevents radiation-induced liver injury via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis
21. Modulation of Radiation‐Induced Alterations in oxidative stress and Cytokine Expression in Lung Tissue by Panax Ginseng Extract
22. Ethyl acetate extract from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its main constituents inhibit α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis by suppressing oxidative stress in B16 mouse melanoma cells
23. Effects of Panax ginseng on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Mediated inflammation: A Mini-Review
24. Effects of Panax ginseng Supplementation on Muscle Damage and inflammation after Uphill Treadmill Running in Humans
25. Panax ginseng ameliorates airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse allergic asthma model
26. Panax ginseng aqueous extract prevents pneumococcal sepsis in vivo by potentiating cell survival and diminishing inflammation
27. Prevention of bone loss by Panax ginseng in a rat model of inflammation-induced bone loss.
28. Effects Of Panax Ginseng Supplementation On Muscle Damage And inflammation After Treadmill Running In Humans: 1790Board #323 June 1 3:30 PM – 5:00 PM
29. Anti-inflammation Effect of Small Molecule Oligopeptides Prepared from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in Rats
30. Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Oligopeptides Protect Against Binge Drinking-Induced Liver Damage through Inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in Rats

1. Parthenolide generates reactive oxygen species and autophagy in MDA-MB231 cells. A soluble parthenolide analogue inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in a xenograft model of breast cancer
2. Parthenolide induces apoptosis and autophagy through the suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cervical cancer
3. Parthenolide-induced apoptosis, autophagy and suppression of proliferation in HepG2 cells.
4. Inhibition of AMPK/autophagy Potentiates Parthenolide‐Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells
5. Parthenolide induces autophagy via the depletion of 4E-BP1
6. Parthenolide suppresses pancreatic cell growth by autophagy-mediated apoptosis
7. Parthenolide Inhibits the Proliferation of MDA-T32 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Mouse Tumor Xenografts and Activates autophagy and Apoptosis by Downregulation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mtor)/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
8. Anti-Proliferiative Effect of Parthenolide on G2/M arrest and autophagy in Huaman Malignant Glioblastoma Cell Lines
9. Parthenolide Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Autophagic Cell Death in Human Osteosarcoma Cells
10. Cell death in amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis induced by parthenolide
11. The Synergistic Effect of SAHA and Parthenolide in MDA‐MB231 Breast Cancer Cells
12. Parthenolide induces caspase‐independent and AIF‐mediated cell death in human osteosarcoma and melanoma cells
13. Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase by Parthenolide Contributes to Inducing Apoptosis of HeLa Cells
14. Induction of apoptosis by parthenolide in human oral cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts
15. Chapter 9 – Parthenolide and Parthenolide-Like Sesquiterpene Lactones as Multiple Targets Drugs: Current Knowledge and New Developments
16. Parthenolide induces superoxide anion production by stimulating EGF receptor in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
17. Parthenolide ameliorates Concanavalin A-induced acute hepatitis in mice and modulates the macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state
18. The oxygen radicals involved in the toxicity induced by parthenolide in MDA-MB-231 cells
19. Abstract 609: Pharmacological Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Parthenolide Improves obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced obese Mice
20. Parthenolide Reverses obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance
21. Parthenolide, a feverfew-derived phytochemical, ameliorates obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
22. Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Bay 11-7082, Parthenolide or Dimethylfumarate or a Combination Thereof for the Treatment of obesity or Cardiovascular Diseases
23. Novel mtor inhibitory activity of ciclopirox enhances parthenolide antileukemia activity
24. Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide attenuates production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mtor, and NF-κB pathways
25. Chemical Genomic Screening Reveals That PI3K/mtor Inhibition Enhances Activity of the Anti-Leukemia Stem Cell Compound Parthenolide.
26. Parthenolide Inhibits the Proliferation of MDA-T32 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Mouse Tumor Xenografts and Activates Autophagy and Apoptosis by Downregulation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mtor)/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
27. Parthenolide attenuates LPS-induced fever, circulating cytokines and markers of brain inflammation in rats
28. Sesquiterpene Lactone Parthenolide Ameliorates Bladder inflammation and Bladder Overactivity in Cyclophosphamide Induced Rat Cystitis Model by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Phosphorylation
29. Co-administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) congener with parthenolide for treating inflammation
30. Mitigation of monocyte inflammation by inhibition of sodium phosphate co-transporter with phosphonoformic acid and parthenolide in diabetic nephropathy uremia
31. Systemic parthenolide treatment attenuates LPS-induced fever, circulating cytokines and markers of brain inflammation in rats
32. PARTHENOLIDE AMELIORATES BLADDER inflammation AND BLADDER OVERACTIVITY IN CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-INDUCED CYSTITIS IN RATS BY INHIBITING NF-κB PHOSPHORYLATION
33. Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide amelioratesbladder inflammation and bladder overactivity incyclophosphamide-induced rat cystitis model byinhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation
34. oxidative stress-mediated Apoptosis THE ANTICANCER EFFECT OF THE SESQUITERPENE LACTONE PARTHENOLIDE
35. Evidence that IL‐6‐type cytokine signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by oxidative stress: Parthenolide targets JAK1 activation by generating ROS
36. Parthenolide protects human lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via inhibition of activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9
37. Parthenolide and DMAPT exert cytotoxic effects on breast cancer stem-like cells by inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis
38. Parthenolide induces a distinct pattern of oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes
39. Parthenolide-Induced Cytotoxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts Involves oxidative stress
40. Crucial role of oxidative stress in bactericidal effect of parthenolide against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
41. Parthenolide regulates oxidative stress‐induced mitophagy and suppresses apoptosis through p53 signaling pathway in C2C12 myoblasts
42. Parthenolide induces caspase-independent cell death in osteosarcoma, melanoma and breast cancer cells through the induction of oxidative stress.

1. Phellinus Linteus Extract Induces autophagy and Synergizes With 5-Fluorouracil to Inhibit Breast Cancer Cell Growth
2. The ethanolic extract of Phellinus linteus inhibits breast cancer cell growth through autophagy-related cell death
3. Phellinus linteus Mycelium Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Autophagic Regulation
4. Activation of P27kip1-cyclin D1/E-CDK2 pathway by polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus leads to S-phase arrest in HT-29 cells
5. Anticancer Effect of Phellinus linteus; Potential Clinical Application in Treating Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
6. A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Phellinus linteus
7. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus in non-obese diabetic mouse
8. Protective effects of Phellinus linteus extract against Iron overload‐mediated oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes
9. Phellinus linteus mushroom protects against tacrine-induced mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells
10. Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus and Curry-Added Cooked Mixed Grain Rice Extracts on oxidative stress-Induced LLC-PK1 Cell Damage
11. Investigations of antioxidative activity against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in PC-12 neuronal cells from enzymatic hydrolysates of Phellinus linteus
12. An Extract of Phellinus linteus Grown on Germinated Brown Rice Inhibits inflammation Markers in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokines, Chemokines, and Mediators and Up-Regulating Antioxidant Activity
13. Effects of Fermented Rice Wine by Using Mycelium of Phellinus linteus on the Expression of inflammation-Related Proteins in Human Hepatoma Cells and Rat Liver
14. Effects of Traditional Wine by using Mycelium of Phellinus linteus on the Expression of inflammation-Related Proteins in Rat Liver
15. Effects of Fermented Traditional Wine by using Mycelium of Phellinus linteus on the Expression of inflammation-Related Proteins in HepG2 cells
16. Effects of Fermented Liquor by using Phellinus linteus on the Expression of inflammation-Related Proteins in Human Hepatoma Cell and in Rat Liver

1. Abstract P3-03-03: Phenolic compounds from pimenta dioica berries (allspice) inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by autophagy induction
2. Abstract 5589: An aqueous extract of Allspice (berries of Pimenta dioica) inhibits breast cancer growth through autophagy by targeting the estrogen receptor
3. Polyphenol-rich extract of Pimenta dioica berries (Allspice) kills breast cancer cells by autophagy and delays growth of triple negative breast cancer in athymic mice
4. Medicinal Properties of the Jamaican Pepper Plant Pimenta dioica and Allspice
5. Abstract 576: Novel compounds from Allspice (Pimenta dioica) inhibit breast cancer growth by autophagy induction

1. Piperine inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest and autophagy
2. Piperine induces autophagy by enhancing protein phosphotase 2A activity in a rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease model
3. Enhancement of paclitaxel and doxorubicin cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines in combination with piperine treatment and analysis of expression of autophagy and apoptosis genes
4. Cancer Chemoprevention and Piperine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities
5. Piperine Enhances the Efficacy of TRAIL-based Therapy for Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells
6. Piperine: Bioactivities and Structural Modifications
7. Protection effect of piperine and piperlonguminine from Piper longum L. alkaloids against rotenone-induced neuronal injury
8. Chapter 13 – Role of Piperine in Chemoresistance
9. Piperine as a Potential Anti-cancer Agent: A Review on Preclinical Studies
10. Curcumin–Piperine/Curcumin–Quercetin/Curcumin–Silibinin dual drug-loaded nanoparticulate combination therapy: A novel approach to target and treat multidrug-resistant cancers
11. Piperine (PP) enhanced mitomycin-C (MMC) therapy of human cervical cancer through suppressing Bcl-2 signaling pathway via inactivating STAT3/NF-κB
12. Combating breast cancer using combination therapy with 3 phytochemicals: Piperine, sulforaphane, and thymoquinone
13. Piperine depresses the migration progression via downregulating the Akt/mtor/MMP‑9 signaling pathway in DU145 cells
14. Piperine: role in prevention and progression of cancer
15. Piperine Suppresses the Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells through the Inhibition of FAS Expression
16. Piperine attenuates the cancerous activity response in Neuro-2a cell line.
17. Potential of piperine in modulation of voltage-gated K+ current and its influences on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells
18. Piperine inhibits IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression by suppressing p38 MAPK and STAT3 activation in gastric cancer cells
19. Piperine Suppresses the Expression of CXCL8 in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated SW480 and HT-29 Cells via Downregulating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways
20. Protective effects of piperine against copper-ascorbate induced toxic injury to goat cardiac mitochondria in vitro
21. glucose intolerance, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by combination consisting of “curcumin with piperine
22. Effect of piperine in the regulation of obesity-induced dyslipidemia in high-fat diet rats
23. Mitigating efficacy of piperine in the physiological derangements of high fat diet induced obesity in Sprague Dawley rats
24. Effect of piperine in obesity induced insulin resistance and type-II diabetes mellitus in rats.
25. Curcumin and piperine supplementation of obese mice under caloric restriction modulates body fat and interleukin-1β
26. The effect of curcumin plus piperine on body weight and fat loss as well as on the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in obese mice
27. Caloric restriction favorably impacts metabolic and immune/inflammatory profiles in obese mice but curcumin/piperine consumption adds no further benefit
28. Piperine depresses the migration progression via downregulating the Akt/mtor/MMP‑9 signaling pathway in DU145 cells
29. Piperine Triggers Apoptosis of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Through Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondrial oxidative stress
30. Piperine inhibits aflatoxin B1 production in Aspergillus flavus by modulating fungal oxidative stress response
31. Anticonvulsant effect of piperine ameliorates memory impairment, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy
32. oxidative stress is decreased with short-term Protandim use when piperine is substituted for ashwagandha (LB399)
33. Protective effect of piperine in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress
34. Potential anti-inflammatory action of resveratrol and piperine in adjuvant-induced arthritis: Effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers
35. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by piperine during experimental inflammation in rats.
36. A Role of Piperine on Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced inflammation—An Experimental Model of Gouty Arthritis
37. Effect of piperine on inhibition of FFA induced TLR4 mediated inflammation and amelioration of acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in mice
38. Piperine inhibit inflammation, alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers breakdown in a rat periodontitis model
39. Induction of nociceptive stimulus in TMJ region : minimum effective concentration of piperine in normality, local chronic inflammation and chronic stress conditions
40. A Role of Piperine on Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced inflammation—An Experimental Model of Gouty Arthritis
41. Effect of piperine on inhibition of FFA induced TLR4 mediated inflammation and amelioration of acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in mice
42. Piperine suppresses cerebral ischemia–reperfusion-induced inflammation through the repression of COX-2, NOS-2, and NF-κB in middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model
43. Piperine inhibit inflammation, alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers breakdown in a rat periodontitis model
44. Quercetin along with piperine prevents cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation associated with mouse model of chronic unpredictable stress
45. Anticonvulsant effect of piperine ameliorates memory impairment, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy

1. Piperlongumine induces autophagy by targeting p38 signaling
2. Piperlongumine promotes autophagy via inhibition of Akt/mtor signalling and mediates cancer cell death
3. Piperlongumine induces apoptosis and autophagy in human lung cancer cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway
4. Piperlongumine restores the balance of autophagy and apoptosis by increasing BCL2 phosphorylation in rotenone-induced Parkinson disease models
5. Piperlongumine induces apoptosis and autophagy in leukemic cells through targeting the PI3K/Akt/mtor and p38 signaling pathways
6. Development and mechanism investigation of a new piperlongumine derivative as a potent anti-inflammatory agent
7. Piperlongumine induces rapid depletion of the androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells
8. Redox-directed cancer therapeutics: Taurolidine and Piperlongumine as broadly effective antineoplastic agents (Review)
9. Historical Spice as a Future Drug: Therapeutic Potential of Piperlongumine
10. Piperlongumine induces apoptotic and autophagic death of the primary myeloid leukemia cells from patients via activation of ROS-p38/JNK pathways
11. Piperlongumine as a potential activator of AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells
12. Piperlongumine (piplartine) and analogues: Antiproliferative microtubule-destabilising agents
13. Piperlongumine and immune cytokine TRAIL synergize to promote tumor death
14. JNK signaling pathway is involved in piperlongumine‑mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells
15. Piperlongumine induces apoptosis and reduces bortezomib resistance by inhibiting STAT3 in multiple myeloma cells
16. Piperlongumine is a novel nuclear export inhibitor with potent anticancer activity
17. Piperlongumine reverses doxorubicin resistance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in K562/A02 human leukemia cells
18. Hypoxia potentiates the cytotoxic effect of piperlongumine in pheochromocytoma models
19. Transcriptome Analysis of Piperlongumine-Treated Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Reveals Involvement of oxidative stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways
20. Piperlongumine Inhibits Migration of Glioblastoma Cells via Activation of ROS-Dependent p38 and JNK Signaling Pathways
21. Piperlongumine, an alkaloid causes inhibition of PI3 K/Akt/mtor signaling axis to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer cells
22. P1 Piperlongumine inhibits growth potential of gastric cancer cells by targeting PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
23. Piperlongumine, a piper alkaloid targets Ras/PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling axis to inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation in DMH/DSS induced experimental colon cancer
24. Piperlongumine reduces ovalbumin‑induced asthma and airway inflammation by regulating nuclear factor‑κB activation
25. Transcriptome Analysis of Piperlongumine-Treated Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Reveals Involvement of oxidative stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways
26. The synergistic effects of oxaliplatin and piperlongumine on colorectal cancer are mediated by oxidative stress

1. Hexane fraction of Pluchea indica root extract inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy in human glioblastoma cells
2. Simultaneous HPTLC quantification of three caffeoylquinic acids in Pluchea indica leaves and their commercial products in Thailand
3. Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol Daun dan Akar Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.)) terhadap Sel Kanker Kolon Widr
4. The effect of Indian marsh fleabane (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) dried leaves extract against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1. Plumbagin induces G2-M arrest and autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in breast cancer cells
2. Induction of apoptosis and autophagy via sirtuin1- and PI3K/Akt/mtor-mediated pathways by plumbagin in human prostate cancer cells
3. Plumbagin induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via p38 MAPK- and PI3K/Akt/mtor-mediated pathways in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells
4. Plumbagin induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy and suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition involving PI3K/Akt/mtor-mediated pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells
5. Plumbagin elicits differential proteomic responses mainly involving cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways in human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cells
6. Plumbagin induces autophagy and apoptosis of SMMC‐7721 cells in vitro and in vivo
7. Plumbagin‐induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cells is mediated by inactivation of NF‐κB and Bcl‐2
8. Anticancer Properties and Pharmaceutical Applications of Plumbagin: A Review
9. Plumbagin attenuates cancer cell growth and osteoclast formation in the bone microenvironment of mice
10. Plumbagin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases
11. Suppressive Effects of Plumbagin on Invasion and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells via the Inhibition of STAT3 Signaling and Down-regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Expressions
12. Plumbagin Induces Apoptosis in Her2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells through the Mitochondrial-Mediated Pathway
13. Plumbagin reduces obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by fructose in rats through regulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress
14. Plumbagin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt-mtor pathway
15. Plumbagin induces RPE cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p38 MARK and PI3K/AKT/mtor signaling pathways in PVR
16. Plumbagin inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through the inactivation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells
17. Treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with plumbagin alleviates spinal cord injury by affecting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotis and the activation of the Nrf2 pathway
18. Plumbagin protects liver against fulminant hepatic failure and chronic liver fibrosis via inhibiting inflammation and collagen production
19. Plumbagin ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: Role of high mobility group box 1 in inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
20. Plumbagin inhibits neuronal apoptosis, intimal hyperplasia and also suppresses TNF-α/NF-κB pathway induced inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression in rat cerebral ischemia
21. Plumbagin, a vitamin K3 analogue ameliorate malaria pathogenesis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation
22. oxidative stress via inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport and Nrf-2-mediated anti-oxidative response regulate the cytotoxic activity of plumbagin
23. Plumbagin inhibits amyloid-β-induced neurotoxicity regulation of oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation
24. Abstract 891: Plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase through the generation of oxidative stress
25. Plumbagin Inhibits leptin-Induced Proliferation of Hepatic Stellate Cells via JAK2-STAT3 Pathway to Protect against Hepatic Fibrosis
26. [Effects of plumbagin on expression of TNF-alpha and PDGF-BB in human hepatic stellate cells activated by leptin].

1. Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells through a mitochondria-mediated ROS–p38–p53 pathway
2. Molecular mechanisms of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells
3. Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis and autophagy via blocking Ras–Raf and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways
4. Role of reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK and NF-κB activation in polygonatum cyrtonema lectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
5. Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin, a potential antineoplastic drug targeting programmed cell death pathways
6. Polygonatum odoratum lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy via targeting EGFR-mediated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells
7. Molecular Switch Role of Akt in Polygonatum odoratum Lectin-Induced Apoptosis and autophagy in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells
8. Induction of apoptosis by Polygonatum odoratum lectin and its molecular mechanisms in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells
9. Polygonatum odoratum lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulation of microRNA-1290 and microRNA-15a-3p in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
10. Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway as compared to Ophiopogon japonicus lectin
11. In vitro plantlet regeneration system from rhizomes and mannose-binding lectin analysis of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.
12. Pharmacological and phytochemical updates of genus Polygonatum
13. Polygonatum odoratum lectin promotes BECN1 expression and induces autophagy in malignant melanoma by regulation of miR1290
14. Bioinformatics analyses of the mannose-binding lectins from Polygonatum cyrtonema, Ophiopogon japonicus and Liparis noversa with antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities
15. Chemical Constituents of the Genus Polygonatum and their Role in Medicinal Treatment
16. Effect of Polygonatum odoratum extract on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and apoptosis
17. A REVIEW ON PLANTS OF GENUS POLYGONATUM
18. Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome extract on lipid and energy metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
19. Anti-obesity Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Polygonatum sibiricum Rhizome in High-fat Diet-fed Mice
20. Polygonatum stenophyllum improves menopausal obesity via regulation of lipolysis-related enzymes
21. Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota and Mitigate Experimentally Induced obesity in Rats
22. Effects of ethanol extract of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome on obesity-related genes
23. Polygonatum stenophyllum improves menopausal obesity via regulation of lipolysis-related enzymes

1. Quercetin induces protective autophagy in gastric cancer cells: Involvement of Akt-mtor- and hypoxia-induced factor 1α-mediated signaling
2. Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin on Neurochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rotenone Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease: Modulating autophagy (Quercetin on Experimental Parkinson’s Disease)
3. Quercetin Induces Mitochondrial Mediated Apoptosis and Protective autophagy in Human Glioblastoma U373MG Cells
4. Quercetin mediates preferential degradation of oncogenic Ras and causes autophagy in Ha- RAS -transformed human colon cells
5. Quercetin alleviates high glucose-induced Schwann cell damage by autophagy
6. Quercetin attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-regulated autophagy pathway
7. MicroRNA-143 enhances chemosensitivity of Quercetin through autophagy inhibition via target GABARAPL1 in gastric cancer cells
8. Quercetin induces apoptosis and autophagy in primary effusion lymphoma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mtor and STAT3 signaling pathways
9. Quercetin-induced autophagy flux enhances TRAIL-mediated tumor cell death
10. Quercetin induces protective autophagy and apoptosis through ER stress via the p-STAT3/Bcl-2 axis in ovarian cancer
11. Proteasome inhibition by quercetin triggers macroautophagy and blocks mtor activity
12. The critical role of quercetin in autophagy and apoptosis in HeLa cells
13. Quercetin nanoparticles induced autophagy and apoptosis through AKT/ERK/Caspase-3 signaling pathway in human neuroglioma cells: In vitro and in vivo
14. The effect of quercetin nanoparticle on cervical cancer progression by inducing apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferation via JAK2 suppression
15. Quercetin attenuates neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in rat traumatic brain injury model via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
16. Quercetin prevents hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and reducing autophagy via the TGF-β1/Smads and PI3K/Akt pathways
17. Quercetin-Rich Guava (Psidium guajava) Juice in Combination with Trehalose Reduces autophagy, Apoptosis and Pyroptosis Formation in the Kidney and Pancreas of Type II Diabetic Rats
18. Quercetin Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Accumulation in the Liver: Implication for autophagy Regulation
19. Inhibition of autophagy induced by quercetin at a late stage enhances cytotoxic effects on glioma cells
20. Quercetin induces autophagy via FOXO1-dependent pathways and autophagy suppression enhances quercetin-induced apoptosis in PASMCs in hypoxia
21. Quercetin suppresses the mobility of breast cancer by suppressing glycolysis through Akt-mtor pathway mediated autophagy induction
22. Apoptosis induction in human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells upon temozolomide and quercetin treatment
23. Resveratrol Potently Counteracts Quercetin Starvation‐Induced autophagy and Sensitizes HepG2 Cancer Cells to Apoptosis
24. Quercetin simultaneously induces G0/G1‐phase arrest and caspase‐mediated crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL‐60 cells
25. Changes of intracellular Ca2+ in quercetin-induced autophagy progression
26. Quercetin inhibited cadmium-induced autophagy in the mouse kidney via inhibition of oxidative stress
27. Temozolomide, quercetin and cell death in the MOGGCCM astrocytoma cell line
28. Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Quercetin: Counteracting oxidative stress and More
29. Quercetin blocks t-AUCB-induced autophagy by Hsp27 and Atg7 inhibition in glioblastoma cells in vitro
30. Potentiation of β-adrenoceptor agonist-mediated lipolysis by quercetin and fisetin in isolated rat adipocytes
31. Gastrointestinal Fate of Fluid and Gelled Nutraceutical Emulsions: Impact on Proteolysis, lipolysis, and Quercetin Bioaccessibility
32. Beneficial Effects of Quercetin on obesity and Diabetes
33. Role of quercetin as an alternative for obesity treatment: You are what you eat!
34. The inhibitory effects of quercetin on obesity and obesity-induced inflammation by regulation of MAPK signaling
35. Quercetin Protects against obesity-Induced Skeletal Muscle inflammation and Atrophy
36. Therapeutic Effects of Quercetin on inflammation, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
37. Quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatosteatosis by enhancing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism via heme oxygenase-1
38. A combination of quercetin and resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulation of gut microbiota†
39. Failure of dietary quercetin to alter the temporal progression of insulin resistance among tissues of C57BL/6J mice during the development of diet-induced obesity
40. Quercetin Inhibits Angiogenesis Mediated Human Prostate Tumor Growth by Targeting VEGFR- 2 Regulated AKT/mtor/P70S6K Signaling Pathways
41. Concomitant reduction of c-Myc expression and PI3K/AKT/mtor signaling by quercetin induces a strong cytotoxic effect against Burkitt’s lymphoma
42. Quercetin suppresses breast cancer stem cells (CD44+/CD24−) by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mtor-signaling pathway
43. Synergistic effects of snail and quercetin on renal cell carcinoma Caki-2 by altering AKT/mtor/ERK1/2 signaling pathways
44. Quercetin-6-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, natural analog of quercetin exhibits anti-prostate cancer activity by inhibiting Akt-mtor pathway via aryl hydrocarbon receptor
45. A novel synthetic derivative of quercetin, 8-trifluoromethyl-3,5,7,3′,4′-O-pentamethyl-quercetin, inhibits bladder cancer growth by targeting the AMPK/mtor signaling pathway
46. Quercetin Induces Apoptosis via Regulation of mtor-VASP Signaling Pathway in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells
47. Quercetin‐3‐methyl ether inhibits esophageal carcinogenesis by targeting the AKT/mtor/p70S6K and MAPK pathways
48. Involvement of AMPK/mtor/HIF-1α in anticancer control of quercetin in hypoxic MCF-7 cells
49. Vanadium quercetin complex attenuates mammary cancer by regulating the P53, Akt/mtor pathway and downregulates cellular proliferation correlated with increased apoptotic events
50. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats
51. Role of quercetin (a natural herbal compound) in allergy and inflammation.
52. Quercetin reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in sarcoidosis
53. Chronic quercetin ingestion and exercise-induced oxidative damage and inflammation
54. Quercetin Treatment Ameliorates inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
55. Quercetin transiently increases energy expenditure but persistently decreases circulating markers of inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet
56. Quercetin is equally or more effective than resveratrol in attenuating tumor necrosis factor-α–mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes
57. Quercetin Protects against Diabetes-Induced Exaggerated Vasoconstriction in Rats: Effect on Low Grade inflammation
58. Quercetin attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media
59. Quercetin reduced inflammation and increased antioxidant defense in rat adjuvant arthritis
60. Quercetin protects human hepatocytes from ethanol-derived oxidative stress by inducing heme oxygenase-1 via the MAPK/Nrf2 pathways
61. Quercetin Increases oxidative stress Resistance and Longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
62. Quercetin Prevents oxidative stress in Cirrhotic Rats
63. Beneficial effects of quercetin on oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet A
64. Quercetin suppresses inflammation by reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF kappa B activation in leptin-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)
65. [Quercetin affects leptin and its receptor in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and JAK-STAT pathway].
66. Fructose Induced leptin Dysfunction and Improvement by Quercetin and Rutin in Rats
67. No effects of quercetin from onion skin extract on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in overweight-to-obese patients with (pre-)hypertension: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial
68. Effect of quercetin on secretion and gene expression of leptin in breast cancer
69. QUERCETIN DECREASE leptin GENE EXPRESSION IN BREAST CANCER
70. Quercetin sebagai Penghambat Aktivasi NF-κβ dan Penurunan Kadar MCP-1 pada Kultur HUVECs yang Dipapar dengan leptin

1. Onjisaponin B Derived from Radix Polygalae Enhances autophagy and Accelerates the Degradation of Mutant α-Synuclein and Huntingtin in PC-12 Cells
2. Aβ peptide secretion is reduced by Radix Polygalae‑induced autophagy via activation of the AMPK/mtor pathway
3. Radix Polygalae Enhances autophagy and Accelerates the Degradation of Mutant Aggregated Proteins In Vitro
4. Identification of novel autophagic Radix Polygalae fraction by cell membrane chromatography and UHPLC-(Q)TOF-MS for degradation of neurodegenerative disease proteins
5. 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone, derived from Polygalae Radix, a herbal medicine, stimulates the expression of neurotrophic factors in rat astrocyte primary cultures via cAMP- and ERK-dependent pathways

1. Total flavonoid aglycones extract in Radix Scutellariae induces cross-regulation between autophagy and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
2. Effect of autophagy in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC 25 cells from Scutellariae Radix by ethanol extract
3. Heat-Processed Scutellariae Radix Protects Hepatic inflammation through the Amelioration of oxidative stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice
4. Effect of Scutellariae radix (Huangqin) on preventing rhinovirus-provoked asthmatic inflammation in cultured human bronchial epithelia
5. Research of Effective Components of Scutellariae Radix on Action Targets in inflammation Pathway
6. Ethanol-Heated Processed Scutellariae Radix Improve Inflammatory Response through an Inhibitory Effect against oxidative stress in Mice with the Lipopolysaccharide-induced Intestine Injury of Mice

1. Spermidine and resveratrol induce autophagy by distinct pathways converging on the acetylproteome
2. Caloric restriction and resveratrol promote longevity through the Sirtuin-1-dependent induction of autophagy
3. Resveratrol-Activated AMPK/SIRT1/autophagy in Cellular Models of Parkinson’s Disease
4. Role of non-canonical Beclin 1-independent autophagy in cell death induced by resveratrol in human breast cancer cells
5. autophagy mediates pharmacological lifespan extension by spermidine and resveratrol
6. Cardioprotection by resveratrol: a novel mechanism via autophagy involving the mtorC2 pathway
7. Inhibition of mammalian S6 kinase by resveratrol suppresses autophagy
8. Resveratrol attenuates vascular endothelial inflammation by inducing autophagy through the cAMP signaling pathway
9. Resveratrol enhances the therapeutic effect of temozolomide against malignant glioma in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting autophagy
10. Resveratrol induces apoptosis via ROS-triggered autophagy in human colon cancer cells
11. Dihydroceramide intracellular increase in response to resveratrol treatment mediates autophagy in gastric cancer cells
12. Sulfate Metabolites Provide an Intracellular Pool for Resveratrol Generation and Induce autophagy with Senescence
13. Resveratrol, a Phytochemical Inducer of Multiple Cell Death Pathways: Apoptosis, autophagy and Mitotic Catastrophe
14. Cathepsin L mediates resveratrol-induced autophagy and apoptotic cell death in cervical cancer cells
15. Resveratrol Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Induces autophagy via Suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
16. autophagy induced by resveratrol prevents human prion protein-mediated neurotoxicity
17. Resveratrol induces autophagy by directly inhibiting mtor through ATP competition
18. autophagy Interplay with Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Regulation in the Growth Inhibiting Effect of Resveratrol in Glioma Cells
19. AMPK- and p62/SQSTM1-dependent autophagy mediate Resveratrol-induced cell death in chronic myelogenous leukemia
20. Resveratrol Reverses Remodeling in Hearts with Large, Old Myocardial Infarctions through Enhanced autophagy-Activating AMP Kinase Pathway
21. Resveratrol induces cell death in cervical cancer cells through apoptosis and autophagy
22. Resveratrol improves hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy through the cAMP signaling pathway
23. Resveratrol-mediated autophagy requires WIPI-1-regulated LC3 lipidation in the absence of induced phagophore formation
24. The prosurvival role of autophagy in Resveratrol-induced cytotoxicity in human U251 glioma cells
25. Resveratrol-induced apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
26. Resveratrol Partially Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cells through Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Dependent autophagy
27. Resveratrol Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death via Inhibition of p70 S6 Kinase 1-Mediated autophagy
28. Resveratrol modulates autophagy and NF-κB activity in a murine model for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
29. Resveratrol Induces Apoptosis and autophagy in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Inhibiting Akt/mtor and Activating p38-MAPK
30. Resveratrol, obesity and diabetes
31. Resveratrol: Anti-obesity Mechanisms of Action
32. Resveratrol Attenuates obesity-Associated Peripheral and Central inflammation and Improves Memory Deficit in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
33. Resveratrol and obesity: Can resveratrol relieve metabolic disturbances?
34. Effects of resveratrol on gut microbiota and fat storage in a mouse model with high-fat-induced obesity
35. Resveratrol regulates lipolysis via adipose triglyceride lipase
36. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring diphenolic compound, affects lipogenesis, lipolysis and the antilipolytic action of insulin in isolated rat adipocytes
37. Resveratrol directly affects in vitro lipolysis and glucose transport in human fat cells
38. Metformin and resveratrol ameliorate muscle insulin resistance through preventing lipolysis and inflammation in hypoxic adipose tissue
39. Resveratrol Inhibits mtor Signaling by Promoting the Interaction between mtor and DEPTOR
40. At concentrations that inhibit mtor, resveratrol suppresses cellular senescence
41. Resveratrol inhibits the mtor mitogenic signaling evoked by oxidized LDL in smooth muscle cells
42. Resveratrol activates autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of STIM1 and the mtor pathway
43. mTOR: more targets of resveratrol?
44. Resveratrol pre-treatment reduces early inflammatory responses induced by status epilepticus via mtor signaling
45. Resveratrol Triggers Protective Autophagy Through the Ceramide/Akt/mtor Pathway in Melanoma B16 Cells
46. Resveratrol inhibits mtor signaling by targeting DEPTOR
47. Targeting mtor: Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol for Cancer Treatment
48. Resveratrol as a novel treatment for diseases with mtor pathway hyperactivation
49. Amelioration of oxidative stress by antioxidants and resveratrol in PC12 cells
50. Resveratrol Prevents the Prohypertrophic Effects of oxidative stress on LKB1
51. Resveratrol Improves Endothelial Function Role of TNFα and Vascular oxidative stress
52. Resveratrol protects primary rat hepatocytes against oxidative stress damage:: Activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and augmented activities of antioxidant enzymes
53. RESVERATROL REDUCES ENDOTHELIAL oxidative stress BY MODULATING THE GENE EXPRESSION OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 1 (SOD1), GLUTATHIONEPEROXIDASE 1 (GPX1) AND NADPH OXIDASE SUBUNIT (NOX4
54. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance induced by resveratrol: Specific and progressive induction of MnSOD
55. Mechanism for the protective effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death
56. Oxyresveratrol and resveratrol are potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers: effect on nitrosative and oxidative stress derived from microglial cells
57. Protective effect of trans-resveratrol against kainic acid-induced seizures and oxidative stress in rats
58. A Resveratrol and Polyphenol Preparation Suppresses Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Response to a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal
59. Regulation of inflammation signalling by resveratrol in human chondrocytes in vitro
60. Resveratrol, MicroRNAs, inflammation, and Cancer
61. Resveratrol mitigates lipopolysaccharide‐ and Aβ‐mediated microglial inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB/STAT signaling cascade
62. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonic inflammation in rats
63. The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model
64. Resveratrol attenuates hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed mice by decreasing lipogenesis and inflammation
65. Resveratrol Prevents High Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Central Arterial Wall inflammation and Stiffening in Nonhuman Primates
66. Prevention of Ocular inflammation in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis with Resveratrol by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage and Nuclear Factor–κB Activation
67. Effect of a Low Dose of Dietary Resveratrol on Colon Microbiota, inflammation and Tissue Damage in a DSS-Induced Colitis Rat Model
68. The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on leptin secretion from rat adipocytes
69. Resveratrol treatment rescues hyperleptinemia and improves hypothalamic leptin signaling programmed by maternal high-fat diet in rats
70. Effect of Resveratrol on leptin and Sirtuin 2 Expression in the Kidneys in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.
71. Resveratrol Prevents Hyperleptinemia and Central leptin Resistance in Adult Rats Programmed by Early Weaning
72. The effect of leptin and resveratrol on JAK/STAT pathways and Sirt-1 gene expression in the renal tissue of ischemia/reperfusion induced rats.
73. Resveratrol increases serum adiponectin level and decreases leptin and insulin level in an experimental model of hypercholesterolemia
74. Potential Involvement of Peripheral leptin/STAT3 Signaling in the Effects of Resveratrol and Its Metabolites on Reducing Body Fat Accumulation
75. The effects of resveratrol on bone and growth plate cartilage in leptin-deficient mice
76. Resveratrol does not affect leptin while it has regulatory effects on liver glycogen levels in exercised and non-exercised rats
77. The Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Level of Adiponectin and leptin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
78. Resveratrol Treatment Ameliorates leptin Resistance and Adiposity Programed by the Combined Effect of Maternal and Post‐Weaning High‐Fat Diet

1. Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside decrease the growth of bladder cancer cell lines via inhibition of the mtor pathway and induction of autophagy
2. Rhodiola Rosea Modulates Apoptosis and autophagy in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Tumor Xenograft Model
3. Rhodiola Rosea Extract Reduces autophagy In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Transformed From Myelodysplastic Syndromes Tumor Xenograft Model
4. Abstract 3799: Rhodiola rosea extracts, salidroside, and metformin decrease the growth of bladder cancer cell lines via inhibition of TSC- mediated translation initiation and induction of autophagy
5. Rhodiola rosea Improves Lifespan, Locomotion, and Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila melanogaster Model of Huntington’s Disease
6. The use of Griffonia Simplicifolia and Rhodiola Rosea l. in obese women with eating compulsion/A UTILIZACAO DA GRIFFONIA SIMPLICIFOLIA E RHODIOLA ROSEA L. EM MULHERES OBESAS COM COMPULSAO ALIMENTAR
7. Evaluation of Rhodiola rosea supplementation on skeletal muscle damage and inflammation in runners following a competitive marathon
8. The golden root, Rhodiola rosea, prolongs lifespan but decreases oxidative stress resistance in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
9. Effects of Rhodiola rosea supplementation on mental performance, physical capacity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy men

1. Rottlerin-induced autophagy leads to the apoptosis in breast cancer stem cells: molecular mechanisms
2. Rottlerin induces autophagy and apoptosis in prostate cancer stem cells via PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
3. Rottlerin induces autophagy which leads to apoptotic cell death through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway in human pancreatic cancer stem cells
4. Rottlerin induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death through a PKC-delta-independent pathway in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells: The protective role of autophagy in apoptosis
5. Alternative Pathways of Cancer Cell Death by Rottlerin: Apoptosis versus autophagy
6. Phosphorylation-independent mtorC1 inhibition by the autophagy inducer Rottlerin
7. Rottlerin-induced autophagy leads to apoptosis in bladder cancer cells
8. Rottlerin Reduces cAMP/CREB-Mediated Melanogenesis via Regulation of autophagy
9. AB161. Rottlerin-induced autophagy leads to the apoptosis in bladder cancer cells
10. Rottlerin induce early autophagy and late apoptosis via PKC-delta independent pathway.
11. Rottlerin and Cancer: Novel Evidence and Mechanisms
12. Protection of human colon epithelial cells against deoxycholate by rottlerin
13. Rottlerin exerts its anti-tumor activity through inhibition of Skp2 in breast cancer cells
14. Rottlerin inhibits cell growth and invasion via down-regulation of Cdc20 in glioma cells
15. Rottlerin suppresses growth of human pancreatic tumors in nude mice, and pancreatic cancer cells isolated from KrasG12D mice
16. Antiproliferative Effect of Rottlerin on Sk-Mel-28 Melanoma Cells
17. Rottlerin exhibits anti-cancer effect through inactivation of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 in pancreatic cancer cells
18. Rottlerin induces Wnt co-receptor LRP6 degradation and suppresses both Wnt/β-catenin and mtorC1 signaling in prostate and breast cancer cells
19. Non-conventional rottlerin anticancer properties
20. Inhibitions of mtorC1 and 4EBP-1 are key events orchestrated by Rottlerin in SK-Mel-28 cell killing
21. Rottlerin Suppresses Airway Hyperreactivity And inflammation In Mouse Models Of Experimental Asthma

1. Safflower extract inhibiting apoptosis by inducing autophagy in myocardium derived H9C2 cell
2. Hypolipidemic effect of safflower yellow and primary mechanism analysis
3. Research strategy for the development of conjugated linoleic acid from safflower seed oil as an antiaging material
4. Intestinal absorption and lipolysis of safflower oiland other unsaturated vegetable oils in rats
5. Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
6. Genotype and Diet Effects in Lean and obese Zucker Rats Fed Either Safflower or Coconut Oil Diets
7. Time-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-masked, crossover study
8. CLA Does Not Impair Endothelial Function and Decreases Body Weight as Compared with Safflower Oil in Overweight and obese Male Subjects
9. Metabolic effects of coconut, safflower, or menhaden oil feeding in lean and obese Zucker rats.
10. The Mechanism by Which Safflower Yellow Decreases Body Fat Mass and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in HFD-Induced obese Mice
11. Relationship of plasma levels of C-reactive protein and adiponectin and change of lean body mass in obese postmenopausal women supplemented with safflower oil
12. The Role of Dietary Safflower Oil in the Management of Glucose Levels in obese Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
13. Prevention of diet-induced obesity by safflower oil: insights at the levels of PPARα, Orexin, and Ghrelin gene expression of adipocytes in mice
14. Protective effect of dried safflower petal aqueous extract and its main constituent, carthamus yellow, against lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages
15. A safflower oil based high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation
16. Protective Effect of Safflower Seed on Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage in Mice via oxidative stress and Apoptosis-Mediated Pathways
17. Biochar alleviates fluoride toxicity and oxidative stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings
18. FISH OIL INSTEAD OF SAFFLOWER OIL AS THE DIETARY FAT SOURCE MODIFIES THE oxidative stress RESPONSE TO BORON DEFICIENCY IN RATS
19. RESPONSE OF CADMIUM–INDUCED oxidative stress CONTAMINATION AND ITS RELATION TO SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAFFLOWER GENOTYPES
20. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed attenuates memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice via regulation of cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress
21. Inhibitory Effects of Safflower Seed Extract on Memory Impairment and oxidative stress and the Qualitative Analyses of Serotonin and Its Derivatives in the Water Extracts
22. Memory Improving Activity of Safflower Seed Extracts against oxidative stress and Cholinergic Dysfunction in Scopolamine-induced Amnesic Mice
23. Changes in liver PPARα mRNA expression in response to two levels of high-safflower-oil diets correlate with changes in adiposity and serum leptin in rats and mice
24. EFFECTS OF FEEDING HIGH LINOLEATE SAFFLOWER SEEDS PREPARTUM ON leptin CONCENTRATION, WEANING, AND RE-BREEDING PERFORMANCE OF BEEF HEIFERS

1. Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside decrease the growth of bladder cancer cell lines via inhibition of the mtor pathway and induction of autophagy
2. Salidroside induces apoptosis and autophagy in human colorectal cancer cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway
3. Inhibiting ROS-TFEB-Dependent autophagy Enhances Salidroside-Induced Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells
4. Salidroside pretreatment attenuates apoptosis and autophagy during hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mice
5. Salidroside protects cortical neurons against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy
6. Inhibition of autophagy enhances synergistic effects of Salidroside and anti-tumor agents against colorectal cancer
7. Salidroside attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance by upregulating autophagy through the AMPK-mtor-ULK1 pathway
8. Salidroside mediates apoptosis and autophagy inhibition in concanavalin A‑induced liver injury
9. Salidroside ameliorates autophagy and activation of hepatic stellate cells in mice via NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways
10. Salidroside induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cells through the p53 signaling pathway
11. Salidroside attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through microglia polarization regulation
12. Anticancer effect of salidroside reduces viability through autophagy/PI3K/Akt and MMP‑9 signaling pathways in human bladder cancer cells
13. Salidroside Promotes Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis
14. Salidroside prevents skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA/TPA in a mouse model through suppression of inflammation and promotion of apoptosis
15. Salidroside, a scavenger of ROS, enhances the radioprotective effect of Ex-RAD® via a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway
16. Osteoprotective effects of salidroside in ovariectomized mice and diabetic mice
17. Salidroside mediated stabilization of Bcl -xL prevents mitophagy in CA3 hippocampal neurons during hypoxia
18. Salidroside inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells via suppression of Src‑associated signaling pathway activation and heat shock protein 70 expression
19. Salidroside protects renal tubular epithelial cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro
20. Salidroside protects hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulation of miR-210 in rat neural stem cells
21. Salidroside reduce inflammatory cytokines in atherosclecrosis via suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway
22. Salidroside protects against kainic acid-induced status epilepticus via suppressing oxidative stress
23. Salidroside in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its induced autophagy reaction
24. Salidroside protects against ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury by enhancing autophagy mediated by SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway
25. LBD16 and LBD18 acting downstream of ARF7 and ARF19 are involved in adventitious root formation in Arabidopsis
26. Salidroside protects SH‑SY5Y from pathogenic α‑synuclein by promoting cell autophagy via mediation of mtor/p70S6K signaling
27. GW26-e4765 Vasomotor effect of salidroside on acute exhaustive rat mesenteric artery and its calcium regulation mechanisms
28. Protective Effects of Salidroside against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury by Initiating Mitochondria to Resist oxidative stress in Mice
29. Beneficial Effects of Rhodiola and Salidroside in Diabetes: Potential Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
30. Salidroside improves glucose homeostasis in obese mice by repressing inflammation in white adipose tissues and improving leptin sensitivity in hypothalamus
31. Salidroside protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in HUVECs via the regulation of REDD1 and mtor activation
32. Effects of Salidroside on Cobalt Chloride-Induced Hypoxia Damage and mtor Signaling Repression in PC12 Cells
33. Salidroside exerts angiogenic and cytoprotective effects on human bone marrow‐derived endothelial progenitor cells via Akt/mtor/p70S6K and MAPK signalling pathways
34. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mtor signalling
35. Salidroside suppressing LPS‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting ROS‐mediated PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway in vitro and in vivo
36. [Salidroside via ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mtor signal pathway induces mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into neural cells].
37. Salidroside attenuates beta amyloid-induced cognitive deficits via modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in rat hippocampus
38. Protection by Salidroside against Bone Loss via Inhibition of oxidative stress and Bone-Resorbing Mediators
39. Salidroside Improves Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Reducing oxidative stress
40. Salidroside promotes erythropoiesis and protects erythroblasts against oxidative stress by up-regulating glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin
41. Salidroside Protects Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons from Polyglutamine-Mediated Toxicity by Reducing oxidative stress
42. [Study on effects of salidroside on lipid peroxidation on oxidative stress in rat hepatic stellate cells].
43. Salidroside Improves Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Suppression of Excessive oxidative stress and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis
44. The cardioprotective effect of salidroside against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation
45. Salidroside Regulates Inflammatory Response in Raw 264.7 Macrophages via TLR4/TAK1 and Ameliorates inflammation in Alcohol Binge Drinking-Induced Liver Injury
46. Salidroside Attenuates Allergic Airway inflammation Through Negative Regulation of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and p38 Mitogen–Activated Protein Kinase
47. The Effect of Synthetic Salidroside on Cytokines and Airway inflammation of Asthma Induced by Diisocyanate (TDI) in Mice by Regulating GATA3/T-bet
48. Salidroside Inhibits inflammation Through PI3K/Akt/HIF Signaling After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
49. Salidroside suppresses solar ultraviolet-induced skin inflammation by targeting cyclooxygenase-2
50. Anti-inflammatory effect of salidroside on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate plus A23187-mediated inflammation in HMC-1 cells
51. Salidroside Inhibits HMGB1 Acetylation and Release through Upregulation of SirT1 during inflammation
52. Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Was Alleviated by Salidroside Through Suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation During Denervation
53. Salidroside attenuates interleukin‐1β‐induced inflammation in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes
54. Salidroside improves glucose homeostasis in obese mice by repressing inflammation in white adipose tissues and improving leptin sensitivity in hypothalamus

1. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Activates Redox-Dependent ATM/ATR Pathway to Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and autophagy
2. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and autophagy via Redox-Dependent ERK1/2 Pathway

1. Anticancer effect of Saussurea lappa extract via dual control of apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells
2. A brief review of remedial uses of Saussurealappa
3. Anti-obesity Activity of Extract from Saussurea lappa
4. Acacetin from Traditionally Used Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. Suppressed Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Attenuated Lipid Accumulation in obese Mice
5. Evaluation of sesquiterpene lactone fraction of Saussurea lappa on transudative, exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation
6. Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced inflammation by Sesquiterpene Lactones from Saussurea lappa and Semi-Synthetic Analogues
7. Dehydrocostus lactone, a sesquiterpene from Saussurea lappa Clarke, suppresses allergic airway inflammation by binding to dimerized translationally controlled tumor protein

1. Attenuation of cyclosporine A induced nephrotoxicity by schisandrin B through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy
2. Mechanism of Schisandrin A on autophagy and Apoptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rats
3. The protective mechanism of schisandrin A in d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury through activation of autophagy
4. Schisandrin B Prevents Doxorubicin Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Modulation of DNA Damage, oxidative stress and inflammation through Inhibition of MAPK/p53 Signaling
5. Comparative Effects of Schisandrin A, B, and C on Acne-Related inflammation
6. Schisandrin B ameliorated chondrocytes inflammation and osteoarthritis via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways
7. Schisandrin A suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
8. Schisandrin A Inhibits the IL-1β-Induced inflammation and Cartilage Degradation via Suppression of MAPK and NF-κB Signal Pathways in Rat Chondrocytes
9. Schisandrin B alleviates diabetic nephropathy through suppressing excessive inflammation and oxidative stress
10. Schisandrin B Attenuates inflammation in LPS-Induced Sepsis Through miR-17-5p Downregulating TLR4
11. Correction to: Schisandrin B Attenuates inflammation in LPS-Induced Sepsis through miR-17-5p Downregulating TLR4.
12. Corrigendum to “Schisandrin B alleviates diabetic nephropathy through suppressing excessive inflammation and oxidative stress” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 508 (2019): 243-249.
13. Schisandrin B protects PC12 cells against oxidative stress of neurodegenerative diseases
14. Schisandrin B attenuates the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by traumatic spinal cord injury via inhibition of p53 signaling in adult rats
15. Schisandrin A prevents oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by attenuating ROS generation in C2C12 cells
16. Schisandrin B alleviates acute oxidative stress via modulation of the Nrf2/Keap1-mediated antioxidant pathway

1. Silibinin, a natural flavonoid, induces autophagy via ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of ATP involving BNIP3 in human MCF7 breast cancer cells
2. Anti-tumor activities of luteolin and silibinin in glioblastoma cells: overexpression of miR-7-1-3p augmented luteolin and silibinin to inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in glioblastoma in vivo
3. Mechanism of autophagy induction and role of autophagy in antagonizing mitomycin C-induced cell apoptosis in silibinin treated human melanoma A375-S2 cells
4. ERα down-regulation plays a key role in silibinin-induced autophagy and apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
5. In vivo recovery effect of silibinin treatment on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice is associated with the modulations of sirt-1 expression and autophagy in pancreatic β-cell
6. autophagy Induction by Silibinin Positively Contributes to Its Anti-Metastatic Capacity via AMPK/mtor Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma
7. autophagy induced by silibinin protects human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells from UVB-induced apoptosis
8. Silibinin protects murine fibroblast L929 cells from UVB‐induced apoptosis through the simultaneous inhibition of ATM‐p53 pathway and autophagy
9. autophagy inhibition enhances silibinin-induced apoptosis by regulating reactive oxygen species production in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells
10. Silibinin ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors in amyloid β-treated rats by upregulating BDNF/TrkB pathway and attenuating autophagy in hippocampus
11. Silibinin Activated p53 and Induced Autophagic Death in Human Fibrosarcoma HT1080 Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-p38 and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathways
12. Energy deprivation by silibinin in colorectal cancer cells
13. Silibinin ameliorates Aβ25-35-induced memory deficits in rats by modulating autophagy and attenuating neuroinflammation as well as oxidative stress
14. Silibinin activated ROS–p38–NF-κB positive feedback and induced autophagic death in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells
15. Crosstalk of ROS/RNS and autophagy in silibinin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro
16. Dual effects of silibinin treatment on autophagy-regulated dermal apoptosis retardation and epidermal apoptosis up-regulation in UVB-induced skin inflammation
17. Silibinin Induced Autophagic and Apoptotic Cell Death in HT1080 Cells Through a Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway
18. P53 activation plays a crucial role in silibinin induced ROS generation via PUMA and JNK
19. Silibinin triggers apoptotic signaling pathways and autophagic survival response in human colon adenocarcinoma cells and their derived metastatic cells
20. p53-mediated autophagy adjustment is involved in the protection of silibinin against murine dermal inflammation and epidermal apoptosis induced by UVB irradiation
21. Silibinin induced-autophagic and apoptotic death is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in HeLa cells
22. Silibinin negatively contributes to primary cilia length via autophagy regulated by histone deacetylase 6 in confluent mouse embryo fibroblast 3T3-L1 cells
23. Role of ROS in the protective effect of silibinin on sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells
24. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on proliferation and lung metastasis of human high metastasis cell line of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma via autophagy induction
25. Silibinin inhibits VEGF secretion and age‐related macular degeneration in a hypoxia‐dependent manner through the PI‐3 kinase/Akt/mtor pathway
26. Silibinin to improve cancer therapeutic, as an apoptotic inducer, autophagy modulator, cell cycle inhibitor, and microRNAs regulator
27. ERβ up-regulation was involved in silibinin-induced growth inhibition of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
28. Silibinin: a potential old drug for cancer therapy
29. An Overview of Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Skin Cancer Chemoprevention by Silibinin
30. Nitric oxide (•NO) generation but not ROS plays a major role in silibinin-induced autophagic and apoptotic death in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells
31. Silibinin Reduces the Impact of obesity on Invasive Liver Cancer
32. Beneficial effects of silibinin against the progression of metabolic syndrome, increased oxidative stress, and liver steatosis in Psammomys obesus, a relevant animal model of human obesity and diabetes
33. The Efficacy of Silibinin to Reduce the Impact of obesity on Invasive Prostate Cancer
34. Silibinin Differentially Decreases the Aggressive Cancer Phenotype in an In Vitro Model of obesity and Prostate Cancer
35. Effect of silibinin on endothelial dysfunction and ADMA levels in obese diabetic mice
36. 1276 SILIBININ IMPROVES HEPATIC AND MYOCARDIAL INJURY IN obese DIABETIC MICE
37. Supplementation of Silibinin Improves Adiposity, Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Fibrosis in High-fat Diet-Induced obese C57BL/6J Mice
38. Silibinin suppresses the maintenance of colorectal cancer stem‐like cells by inhibiting PP2A/AKT/mtor pathways
39. Silibinin induces apoptosis through inhibition of the mtor-GLI1-BCL2 pathway in renal cell carcinoma
40. Silibinin Induced Human Glioblastoma Cell Apoptosis Concomitant with Autophagy through Simultaneous Inhibition of mtor and YAP
41. SILIBININ INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN BREAST CANCER MCF7 CELLS THROUGH DOWN REGULATION OF PI3K/AKT/mtor PATHWAY
42. Differential In Vitro Effects of Intravenous versus Oral Formulations of Silibinin on the HCV Life Cycle and inflammation
43. Potent inhibitory effect of silibinin from milk thistle on skin inflammation stimuli by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
44. Combinations of indole-3-carbinol and silibinin suppress inflammation-driven mouse lung tumorigenesis by modulating critical cell cycle regulators
45. Silibinin Inhibits Neutrophilic inflammation and Mucus Secretion Induced by Cigarette Smoke via Suppression of ERK‐SP1 Pathway
46. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Silibinin in Animal Models of Chronic inflammation
47. Silibinin inhibits inflammation and apoptosis in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy
48. Silibinin Ameliorates O-GlcNAcylation and inflammation in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
49. Inhibitory Effects of Silibinin on inflammation via Attenuation of HO-1 in Murine Macrophage Cell
50. Silibinin Inhibits Neutrophilic inflammation and Mucus Secretion Induced by Cigarette Smoke via Suppression of ERK‐SP1 Pathway [2016]
51. Silibinin protects H9c2 cardiac cells from oxidative stress and inhibits phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy: potential mechanisms
52. Silibinin mitigates zidovudine-induced hepatocellular degenerative changes, oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia in rats
53. Silibinin induced the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells via oxidative stress and down-regulating survivin expression
54. Assessment of oxidative stress in leukocytes and granulocyte function following oral administration of a silibinin-phosphatidylcholine complex in cats
55. Silibinin attenuates methotrexate-induced pulmonary injury by targeting oxidative stress
56. Protective role of silibinin in cadmium induced changes of acetylcholinesterase, ATPases and oxidative stress in brain of albino wistar rats
57. Silibinin ameliorates hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia and prevent oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats.
58. Inhibition of leptin and leptin Receptor Gene Expression by Silibinin-Curcumin Combination
59. Inhibition of leptin gene expression and secretion by silibinin: possible role of estrogen receptors
60. POSTER PRESENTATIONS: P-59: INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SILIBININ ON VARIATION OF leptin GENE EXPRESSION IN THE T47D BREAST CANCER CELL LINE
61. INHIBITION OF leptin GENE EXPRESSION AND SECRETION BY SILIBININ: POSSIBLE ROLE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS
62. Silibinin decrease the expression and secretion of leptin in T47D
63. Preparation and Evaluation of effect Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified with Biodegradable Copolymer PCL-PEG containing Curcumin – Silibinin on leptin Gene Experession in Lung Cancer

1. Sophoraflavanone G Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells and Blocks MAPK Activation
2. Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora alopecuroides inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by targeting PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways
3. Protective effect of Sophoraflavanone G on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced inflammation in diabetic rats
4. Sophoraflavanone G fromSophora alopecuroidesinhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by targeting PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways

1. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis induced by tanshinone IIA in prostate cancer cells
2. Tanshinone IIA Affects autophagy and Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Inhibiting Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway
3. Tanshinone IIA sensitizes oral squamous cell carcinoma to radiation due to an enhanced autophagy
4. Crosstalk between Beclin-1-dependent autophagy and caspase‑dependent apoptosis induced by tanshinone IIA in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
5. Tanshinone IIA Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells from Reactive Oxygen Species Through Changes in autophagy and Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinas B, and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways
6. Tanshinone IIA induces cell death via Beclin‐1‐dependent autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC‐9 cell line
7. Tanshinone IIA attenuates Aβ25–35‐induced spatial memory impairment via upregulating receptors for activated C kinase1 and inhibiting autophagy in hippocampus
8. Tanshinone IIA protects against heart failure post-myocardial infarction via AMPKs/mtor-dependent autophagy pathway
9. Tanshinone IIA activates autophagy to reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by MEK/ERK/mtor pathway
10. HGK-sestrin 2 signaling-mediated autophagy contributes to antitumor efficacy of Tanshinone IIA in human osteosarcoma cells
11. Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate facilitates endocytic HMGB1 uptake
12. Total Tanshinones-Induced Apoptosis and autophagy Via Reactive Oxygen Species in Lung Cancer 95D Cells
13. Sensitivity of apoptosis-resistant colon cancer cells to tanshinones is mediated by autophagic cell death and p53-independent cytotoxicity
14. Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE inhibits human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and MMP‐9 activity through AKT signaling pathway
15. Novel Microemulsion of Tanshinone IIA, Isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Exerts Anticancer Activity Through Inducing Apoptosis in Hepatoma Cells
16. Tanshinone IIA potentiates the efficacy of 5-FU in Colo205 colon cancer cells in vivo through downregulation of P-gp and LC3-II
17. Tanshinone I induces apoptosis and pro-survival autophagy in gastric cancers
18. Protective effects of tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in rats
19. A promising “TRAIL” of tanshinones for cancer therapy
20. The antitumor natural product tanshinone IIA inhibits protein kinase C and acts synergistically with 17-AAG
21. Mechanisms of Tanshinone II a inhibits malignant melanoma development through blocking autophagy signal transduction in A375 cell
22. Protective effect of tanshinone IIA against cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats through inhibiting the Cys-C/Wnt signaling pathway
23. Tanshinone IIA enhances chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells by suppressing nuclear factor-κB
24. Tanshinone IIA decreases the protein expression of EGFR, and IGFR blocking the PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway in gastric carcinoma AGS cells both in vitro and in vivo
25. Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Targets of Tanshinones Derived From Herbal Medicine Danshen
26. The Role of Tanshinone IIA in the Treatment of obesity through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Antagonism
27. obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Treatment with Tanshinone Derivatives Which Increase Metabolic
28. Tanshinone IIA Inhibits HIF-1α and VEGF Expression in Breast Cancer Cells via mtor/p70S6K/RPS6/4E-BP1 Signaling Pathway
29. Regulation of the cell cycle and PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway by tanshinone I in human breast cancer cell lines
30. Tanshinone IIA protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
31. Nutlin-3 plus tanshinone IIA exhibits synergetic anti-leukemia effect with imatinib by reactivating p53 and inhibiting the AKT/mtor pathway in Ph+ ALL
32. Tanshinone IIA can inhibit MiaPaCa‑2 human pancreatic cancer cells by dual blockade of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mtor pathways
33. Abstract 2131: Tanshinone IIA can decrease growth factor receptors expression and dural-block both Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and Ras/PI3K/Akt/mtor pathways to inhibit human breast cancer BT-20 cells
34. The combination of Nutlin-3 and Tanshinone IIA promotes synergistic cytotoxicity in acute leukemic cells expressing wild-type p53 by co-regulating MDM2-P53 and the AKT/mtor pathway
35. GW29-e0760 Tanshinone IIA protects H9c2 cells from reactive oxygen species through inhabiting excessive autophagy via activation of PI3K/Akt/mtor signaling pathway
36. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Protects Cardiomyocytes Against oxidative stress-mediated Apoptosis Through Inhibiting JNK Activation
37. Tanshinone II A attenuates atherosclerotic calcification in rat model by inhibition of oxidative stress
38. Amelioration of atherosclerosis by tanshinone IIA in hyperlipidemic rabbits through attenuation of oxidative stress
39. Protective effects of tanshinone IIA on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress, HMGB1 expression, and inflammatory reaction
40. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress and collagen synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts: Blockade by tanshinone IIA
41. Study of Anti-Myocardial Cell oxidative stress Action and Effect of Tanshinone IIA on Prohibitin Expression
42. Effects of tanshinone IIA on fibrosis in a rat model of cirrhosis through heme oxygenase-1, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis
43. Tanshinone II Aattenuates renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation
44. Tanshinone IIA inhibits myocardial remodeling induced by pressure overload via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation: Possible role of silent information regulator 1
45. Tanshinone I Activates the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Response and Protects Against As(III)-Induced Lung inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo
46. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate ameliorates ischemia-induced myocardial inflammation and lipid accumulation in Beagle dogs through NLRP3 inflammasome
47. Tanshinone IIA attenuates renal fibrosis and inflammation via altering expression of TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathway in 5/6 nephrectomized rats
48. Tanshinone IIA therapeutically reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in mice
49. Establishment of an interleukin‑1β‑induced inflammation‑activated endothelial cell‑smooth muscle cell‑mononuclear cell co‑culture model and evaluation of the anti‑inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA on atherosclerosis
50. Tanshinone IIA Sodium sulfonate regulates antioxidant system, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by downregulation of CLIC1
51. Effect of Tanshinone IIA intrathecal injections on pain and spinal inflammation in mice with bone tumors
52. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppressing nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
53. Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Rats via Inhibiting inflammation
54. Tanshinone IIA decreases the levels of inflammation induced by Aβ1–42 in brain tissues of Alzheimer’s disease model rats

1. 1. Protective Activity of Theobroma cacao L. Phenolic Extract on AML12 and MLP29 Liver Cells by Preventing Apoptosis and Inducing autophagy
   2. Proteomic response of Moniliophthora perniciosaexposed to pathogenesis-related protein-10 from Theobroma cacao
   3. Photosynthetic, antioxidative, molecular and ultrastructural responses of young cacao plants to Cd toxicity in the soil
   4. Clovamide and phenolics from cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) inhibit lipid peroxidation in liposomal systems
   5. Carbon source-induced changes in the physiology of the cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa (Basidiomycetes) affect mycelial morphology and secretion of necrosis-inducing proteins
   6. Anti-obesity effect of cocoa proteins (Theobroma cacao L.) variety “Criollo” and the expression of genes related to the dysfunction of white adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese rats
   7. Modulation of obesity-Related inflammation by Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L. Sterculiaceae)
   8. DIETARY COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO) SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES obesity-RELATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN MICE
   9. Anti-Diabetic and Anti-obesity Activities of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) via Physiological Enzyme Inhibition
   10. Anti-obesity effect of cocoa proteins (Theobroma cacao L.) variety “Criollo” and the expression of genes related to the dysfunction of white adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese rats
   11. Photosynthesis, chloroplast ultrastructure, chemical composition and oxidative stress in Theobroma cacao hybrids with the lethal gene Luteus-Pa mutant
   12. Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) phenolic extracts as PTP1B inhibitors, hepatic HepG2 and pancreatic β-TC3 cell cytoprotective agents and their influence on oxidative stress in rats
   13. Short-term capacities of ethanolicTheobroma cacaobean extract to ameliorate oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

1. autophagy Upregulation and Apoptosis Downregulation in DAHP and Triptolide Treated Cerebral Ischemia
2. Triptolide-mediated cell death in neuroblastoma occurs by both apoptosis and autophagy pathways and results in inhibition of nuclear factor–kappa B activity
3. Triptolide induces protective autophagy through activation of the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells
4. autophagy plays an important role in triptolide-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes
5. Triptolide Inhibited Cytotoxicity of Differentiated PC12 Cells Induced by Amyloid-Beta25–35 via the autophagy Pathway
6. Triptolide Promotes the Clearance of α-Synuclein by Enhancing autophagy in Neuronal Cells
7. Triptolide induced cell death through apoptosis and autophagy in murine leukemia WEHI‐3 cells in vitro and promoting immune responses in WEHI‐3 generated leukemia mice in vivo
8. Triptolide Restores autophagy to Alleviate Diabetic Renal Fibrosis through the miR-141-3p/PTEN/Akt/mtor Pathway
9. Anti-tumor effects of triptolide on angiogenesis and cell apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by inducing autophagy via repressing Wnt/β-Catenin signaling
10. Effect of triptolide on human colorectal cancer HCT116 cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis
11. Triptolide Induces Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways
12. Toxicity of triptolide and the molecular mechanisms involved
13. Triptolide induces lysosomal-mediated programmed cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
14. Triptolide induces autophagy and apoptosis through ERK activation in human breast cancer MCF‑7 cells
15. Triptolide abrogates growth of colon cancer and induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting transcriptional activation of E2F
16. Triptolide, A Potential autophagy Modulator
17. Triptolide induces protective autophagy and apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells by downregulating Akt/mtor activation
18. Effect of the Natural Product Triptolide on Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies
19. Mechanism of Action of the Anti-cancer Agent, Triptolide
20. Sorafenib and triptolide as combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
21. Inhibition of Tumor Cellular Proteasome Activity by Triptolide Extracted from the Chinese Medicinal Plant ‘Thunder God Vine’
22. Triptolide enhances the tumoricidal activity of TRAIL against renal cell carcinoma
23. Triptolide inhibits the inflammatory activities of neutrophils to ameliorate chronic arthritis
24. Triptolide inhibits the migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells via Caveolin-1/CD147/MMPs pathway
25. Effect of triptolide on focal adhesion kinase and survival in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
26. Combined Effects of Curcumin and Triptolide on an Ovarian Cancer Cell Line
27. Primary and liver metastasis-derived cell lines from KRasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx-1 Cre animals undergo apoptosis in response to triptolide
28. Triptolide: A new star for treating human malignancies
29. Does triptolide induce lysosomal-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells?
30. autophagy Involved in Hepatic Injury Induced by Triptolide
31. Neuroprotective effects of DAHP and Triptolide in focal cerebral ischemia via apoptosis inhibition and PI3K/Akt/mtor pathway activation
32. Synergistic cytotoxicity of BIIB021 with triptolide through suppression of PI3K/Akt/mtor and NF-κB signal pathways in thyroid carcinoma cells
33. Triptolide Suppresses Glomerular Mesangial Cell Proliferation in Diabetic Nephropathy Is Associated with Inhibition of PDK1/Akt/mtor Pathway
34. Antitumor effect of triptolide in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma by inhibiting cell viability, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via regulating the PI3K/AKT/mtor pathway
35. Triptolide Induces Glioma Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis via Upregulating the ROS/JNK and Downregulating the Akt/mtor Signaling Pathways
36. Triptolide, an Extracted Phytomedicine Attenuates Glomerularsclerosis in Diabetic
37. Role of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and ERK activation in triptolide-induced apoptosis
38. Triptolide attenuate the oxidative stress induced by LPS/D‐GalN in mice
39. Triptolide attenuated injury via inhibiting oxidative stress in Amyloid-Beta25–35-treated differentiated PC12 cells
40. [Monoside antagonizes triptolide-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via the anti-oxidative stress pathway].
41. [Triptolide induces oxidative stress and apoptosis and activates PIK3/Akt signaling pathway in TM4 sertoli cells].
42. Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Triptolide-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Mice through mitigation of oxidative stress.
43. Triptriolide antagonizes triptolide-induced nephrocyte apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo
44. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid exhibit protective effect against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity:role in oxidative stress,inflammation and apoptosis
45. Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide, suppresses inflammation and cartilage destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice
46. Triptolide protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-mediated damage induced by lipopolysaccharide intranigral injection
47. Triptolide, a Chinese herbal extract, protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-mediated damage through inhibition of microglial activation
48. Triptolide promotes spinal cord repair by inhibiting astrogliosis and inflammation
49. Identification of triptolide, a natural diterpenoid compound, as an inhibitor of lung inflammation
50. Triptolide-Assisted Phosphorylation of p53 Suppresses inflammation-Induced NF-κB Survival Pathways in Cancer Cells
51. Mycophenolate mofetil and triptolide alleviating airway inflammation in asthmatic model mice partly by inhibiting bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis
52. Interleukin 6 inhibition by triptolide prevents inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis
53. Effectiveness of Triptolide-Coated Stent on Decreasing inflammation and Attenuation of Intimal Hyperplasia in a Pig After Coronary Angioplasty
54. Effects of Triptolide on inflammation and Immune Function

1. autophagy inhibition enhances ursolic acid-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells
2. Ursolic acid promotes cancer cell death by inducing Atg5‐dependent autophagy
3. Ursolic acid induces cell death and modulates autophagy through JNK pathway in apoptosis-resistant colorectal cancer cells
4. Ursolic acid induces autophagy in U87MG cells via ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress
5. autophagy-dependent EIF2AK3 activation compromises ursolic acid-induced apoptosis through upregulation of MCL1 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
6. Ursolic Acid Attenuates Diabetic Mesangial Cell Injury through the Up-Regulation of autophagy via miRNA-21/PTEN/Akt/mtor Suppression
7. Ursolic acid improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high‐fat‐fed C57BL/6J mice by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and hepatic autophagy
8. Ursolic acid-mediated changes in glycolytic pathway promote cytotoxic autophagy and apoptosis in phenotypically different breast cancer cells
9. Ursolic acid enhances macrophage autophagy and attenuates atherogenesis
10. Ursolic acid protects hepatocytes against lipotoxicity through activating autophagy via an AMPK pathway
11. Ursolic acid inhibits breast cancer growth by inhibiting proliferation, inducing autophagy and apoptosis, and suppressing inflammatory responses via the PI3K/AKT and NF‑κB signaling pathways in vitro
12. SIRT1/Atg5/autophagy are involved in the antiatherosclerosis effects of ursolic acid
13. Ursolic acid triggers nonprogrammed death (necrosis) in human glioblastoma multiforme DBTRG‐05MG cells through MPT pore opening and ATP decline
14. Ursolic acid inhibits the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress
15. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel A-ring cleaved ursolic acid derivatives in human non-small cell lung cancer cells
16. Ursolic Acid—A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid with a Wide Spectrum of Pharmacological Activities
17. Combined Use of Zoledronic Acid Augments Ursolic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells through Enhanced oxidative stress and autophagy
18. Ursolic Acid Induces Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells via the PI3K/Akt/mtor Pathway
19. Ursolic Acid Activates Intracellular Killing Effect of MacrophagesDuring Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
20. Ursolic acid, a potential anticancer compound for breast cancer therapy
21. Ursolic acid improves podocyte injury caused by high glucose
22. Ursolic acid in health and disease
23. Ursolic acid attenuates temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells by downregulating O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression
24. Activation of AMP‐activated Protein Kinase and Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase3 β Mediate Ursolic Acid Induced Apoptosis in HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells
25. A phase I pharmacokinetic study of ursolic acid nanoliposomes in healthy volunteers and patients with advanced solid tumors
26. Ursolic acid stimulates lipolysis in primary‐cultured rat adipocytes
27. Effects of ursolic acid on glucose metabolism, the polyol pathway and dyslipidemia in non-obese type 2 diabetic mice
28. Ursolic acid prevents augmented peripheral inflammation and inflammatory hyperalgesia in high-fat diet-induced obese rats by restoring downregulated spinal PPARα
29. Ursolic Acid Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance by Modulating the Circadian Rhythm Pathway in Diet-Induced obese Mice
30. S1833 Ursolic Acid Ameliorates Dietary Steatohepatitis in obese Diabetic Kk-aY Mice
31. [P8-168] Effect of Ursolic Acid on Immune Response and Pancreatic ß-Cell Function in Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice
32. Beneficial Effect of Ursolic Acid on Lipid Metabolism via Altered Plasma and Hepatic Lipid Profile Levels and Hepatic Transcriptional Response in Diet-Induced obese Mice
33. Amelioration of obesity and Glucose Intolerance in High-Fat-Fed C57BL/6 Mice by Anthocyanins and Ursolic Acid in Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas)
34. Ursolic Acid Increases Skeletal Muscle and Brown Fat and Decreases Diet-Induced obesity, Glucose Intolerance and Fatty Liver Disease
35. Ursolic Acid and Chronic Disease: An Overview of UA’s Effects On Prevention and Treatment of obesity and Cancer
36. Ursolic Acid Inhibits Leucine-Stimulated mtorC1 Signaling by Suppressing mtor Localization to Lysosome
37. The combination of ursolic acid and leucine potentiates the differentiation of C2C12 murine myoblasts through the mtor signaling pathway
38. A comparison of the effects of ursolic acid and l-leucine supplementation on IGF-1 receptor and AKT-mtor signaling in response to resistance exercise in trained men
39. Ursolic Acid Attenuates High Glucose-Mediated Mesangial Cell Injury by Inhibiting the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mtor) Signaling Pathway
40. Ursolic acid attenuates diabetic mesangial cell injury by up-regulating autophagy via suppressing miRNA21-PTEN-Akt-mtor pathway
41. Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid from Bushen Yijing Formula on TGF-β1-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell fibrosis via AKT/mtor signaling and Snail gene
42. A comparison of the effects of ursolic acid and L-leucine supplementation on markers of muscle protein synthesis via Akt-mtor signaling response to resistance exercise.
43. Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and improves neurobehavioral activity in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model
44. Influence of oxidative stress on the antibacterial activity of betulin, betulinic acid and ursolic acid
45. A bioinformatic and mechanistic study elicits the antifibrotic effect of ursolic acid through the attenuation of oxidative stress with the involvement of ERK, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in human hepatic stellate cells and rat liver
46. Oral supplementation with ursolic acid ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in a mouse model by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses
47. Effects of ursolic acid on oxidative stress and apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats
48. Suppression of Tumor Promoterinduced inflammation of Mouse Ear by Ursolic Acid and 4, 4-Dimethylcholestane Derivatives
49. Ursolic acid ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats
50. Ursolic Acid, a Natural Nutraceutical Agent, Targets Caspase3 and Alleviates inflammation‐Associated Downstream Signal Transduction
51. Effect of Ursolic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and inflammation
52. Ursolic acid improves diabetic nephropathy via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced rats
53. Renoprotective effects of ursolic acid on ischemia/reperfusion‑induced acute kidney injury through oxidative stress, inflammation and the inhibition of STAT3 and NF‑κB activities
54. Ursolic Acid Ameliorates inflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Possibly via High Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-Like Receptor 4/NFκB Pathway
55. Ursolic acid alleviates inflammation and against diabetes‑induced nephropathy through TLR4‑mediated inflammatory pathway
56. Ursolic acid, a potential PPARγ agonist, suppresses Ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness
57. Ursolic acid suppresses leptin-induced cell proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
58. Abstract: P1422 CARNOSIC ACID & URSOLIC ACID (ORIGANUM MAJORANA L.) PREVENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS CAUSED BY OBESITY: SUPPRESSION OF leptin-INDUCED PROLIFERATION IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
59. Effect of ursolic acid on leptin-induced JAK2-STAT3 activation and reactive oxygen species generation in hepatic stellate cells

1. Vitamin D3 Induces autophagy in Human Monocytes/Macrophages via Cathelicidin
2. Vitamin D3 Induces autophagy of Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells
3. Hormonally Active Vitamin D3 (1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol) Triggers autophagy in Human Macrophages That Inhibits HIV-1 Infection
4. Dual functions of autophagy in the response of breast tumor cells to radiation
5. Potentiation of radiation sensitivity in breast tumor cells by the vitamin D3 analogue, EB 1089, through promotion of autophagy and interference with proliferative recovery
6. Vitamin D3 supplementation alleviates rotavirus infection in pigs and IPEC-J2 cells via regulating the autophagy signaling pathway
7. autophagy induced by vitamin D3 inhibits the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells
8. Abstract 2663: Dual cytoprotective and cytotoxic functions of autophagy in the response ofbreast tumor cells to radiation and in radiosensitization by vitamin D3
9. Relation of obesity with serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 levels in type 2 diabetic patients
10. Vitamin D3 supplementation and body composition in persons with obesity and type 2 diabetes in the UAE: A randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial
11. Vitamin D3: A Role in Dopamine Circuit Regulation, Diet-Induced obesity, and Drug Consumption1,2,3
12. 25OH-Vitamin D3 Levels in obesity and Metabolic Syndrome—Unaltered in Young and not Correlated to Carotid IMT in All Ages