Nitric oxide kinase

The kinase the heart's route uses — it opens the same lock as adrenaline's kinase, with a different key.

Natriuretic receptor increases it.

'the rise of cGMP levels, with the subsequent activation of protein kinase G (PKG)' (doi 10.1242/jeb.165381 [PMID 29514884]). A second messenger and a second kinase, both distinct from the epinephrine route. Independently confirmed by a second source: 'Catecholamines bind to beta-adrenoceptors on adipocyte cell membranes and activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Similarly, natriuretic peptides bind to type A receptors and activate cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase' (doi 10.1074/jbc.M109.008631 [PMC2709346]). And a species limit that mirrors the b3ar one, measured: 'For 3T3L1 adipocytes, ANP did not elicit an increase in glycerol content in the culture medium, whereas ISO, FSK, and Lys-gamma3-MSH increased glycerol by 3.5-, 3.8-, and 1.8-fold' (PMC3102254). ⇒ the natriuretic route is absent in mouse fat cells. Any rodent null on this route is uninformative for humans — and that cuts both ways: it strengthens the human-relevance argument and voids the mouse literature. doi 10.1242/jeb.165381 · PMID 29514884 · PMC2709346

Vasodilation signal increases it.

12591946 — 10.3389/fphar.2015.00139 — from a published diagram titled 'control DE LA LIPÓLISIS EN EL adipocito HUMANO' — a human-specific control map. Its legend enumerates the whole system: 'Receptores β- y α2A-Adrenérgicos (RA); Adenilato Ciclasa (AC); proteínas G heterotriméricas (Gs y Gi); Proteína Cinasa A (PKA); Lipasa Sensible a Hormona (LSH); Receptor de Insulina (IRS-1/2); Proteína Cinasa B (PKB); Cinasa (PI3-K); Fosfodiesterasa tipo 3B (PDE-3B); GUANILATO Ciclasa (GC); Receptor de Péptidos Natriuréticos (NPR-A); Proteína Cinasa G (PKG); Lipasa de Monoglicéridos (LMG); NEUROPÉPTIDO Y (NPY) Y PÉPTIDO YY (PYY); Proteínas que enlazan lípidos en adipocito (ALBP); Ácidos Grasos No Esterificados (AGNE)' (Revista de Educación Bioquímica, UNAM — 'Control de la lipólisis en el adipocito HUMANO' (ESPAÑOL)). The second, entirely separate road. The natriuretic route does not use the epinephrine messenger at all — it has its own receptor, its own enzyme, its own messenger and its own kinase, and they converge on the same lipases. That independence is why it matters: it still works when the epinephrine road is blunted. And it is human-specific — this road is effectively absent in mice, which voids rodent data on it entirely. doi 10.3389/fphar.2015.00139

It increases Fat-releasing enzyme (HSL).

The second road reaches the same two targets as the first — including the droplet coat. 'Les peptides natriurétiques stimulent l'activité guanylyl cyclase (GC) du récepteur NPR-A... induisent une augmentation des taux de GMPc, l'activation d'une PROTÉINE kinase G (PKG, cGK-I) puis LA phosphorylation ET L'activation DE LA PÉRILIPINE ET DE LA LHS' (Sengenes, Moro, Galitzky, Berlan, Lafontan — médecine/sciences 2005;21:61-5 — FRANÇAIS). And its power is quantified against the reference stimulant: 'Les peptides natriurétiques exercent UN PUISSANT EFFET LIPOLYTIQUE, leur effet maximal est SIMILAIRE À CELUI DE L'ISOPRÉNALINE.' Proven in living people by microdialysis: 'L'administration d'un β-bloquant NE supprime QUE TRÈS partiellement la mobilization lipidique induite par l'exercice physique alors qu'elle supprime totalement les effets d'un agoniste β-adrénergique... LA mobilization lipidique RÉSISTANT AU β-BLOQUANT EST due AUX peptides NATRIURÉTIQUES.' Blocking the epinephrine road barely dents fat mobilization during exercise, because a second road is carrying it — and under an oral beta-blocker mobilization was paradoxically improved.

It increases Fat droplet coating.

The second road reaches the same two targets as the first — including the droplet coat. 'Les peptides natriurétiques stimulent l'activité guanylyl cyclase (GC) du récepteur NPR-A... induisent une augmentation des taux de GMPc, l'activation d'une PROTÉINE kinase G (PKG, cGK-I) puis LA phosphorylation ET L'activation DE LA PÉRILIPINE ET DE LA LHS' (Sengenes, Moro, Galitzky, Berlan, Lafontan — médecine/sciences 2005;21:61-5 — FRANÇAIS). And its power is quantified against the reference stimulant: 'Les peptides natriurétiques exercent UN PUISSANT EFFET LIPOLYTIQUE, leur effet maximal est SIMILAIRE À CELUI DE L'ISOPRÉNALINE.' Proven in living people by microdialysis: 'L'administration d'un β-bloquant NE supprime QUE TRÈS partiellement la mobilization lipidique induite par l'exercice physique alors qu'elle supprime totalement les effets d'un agoniste β-adrénergique... LA mobilization lipidique RÉSISTANT AU β-BLOQUANT EST due AUX peptides NATRIURÉTIQUES.' Blocking the epinephrine road barely dents fat mobilization during exercise, because a second road is carrying it — and under an oral beta-blocker mobilization was paradoxically improved.

Lipolytic (Stored-Fat Mobilization) →